2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题
（满分值100分）
科目名称：英语 科目代码：1101
注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points)
Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire.
On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average.
Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth.
Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase. But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
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Uber and Airbnb are bringing dramatic improvements to two large industries that have been more or less stuck for decades. Morgan Stanley estimates that driverless cars could result in $507 billion a year of productivity gains in America, mainly from people being able to stare at their laptops instead of at the road.
1. What has led to the pessimistic opinion concerning the world’s economy?
A. It is based on macro-level statistics on productivity.
B. It is based on close observation on corporate and investor behavior. C. It is due to the fact that many old firms are not run by bureaucrats. D. It is due to the fact that not enough new firms have been created.
2. The first argument on the optimists’ side is unconvincing because the official figures ________.
A. are both wrong and unconvincing B. downplay the internet revolution C. fail to include the consumer surplus
D. can’t explain the decline in productivity growth
3. What is true about the IT companies in Silicon Valley?? A. They have only focused on the fun part of life. B. They have made a difference in the real world. C. They have more persuasive productivity. D. They have only just begun to develop.
4. How can driverless cars benefit American industries?
A. Driverless cars have revived two large American industries. B. The sale of driverless cars can reach hundreds of billion dollars. C. Thanks to them people free from driving can do more creative work. D. Driverless cars have stimulated the development of Uber and Airbnb.
Passage Two
Winston Churchill was one of the central statesmen of the 20th century and, almost 50 years after his death, remains a subject of enduring fascination. Part of the current interest in this venerable figure can be attributed to two superb biographies written in the 1980s by historian William Manchester: “The Last Lion: Visions of Glory” and “The Last Lion: Alone.” These two books examined the first two-thirds of Churchill’s life.
Unfortunately, after completing the second volume, Manchester’s health declined and the rest of the project stalled. So great was public interest in the long-delayed final volume that it was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times.
Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 and
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follows him through his death in 1965. While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it carried, and the loss of the British Empire.
Reid has written a thorough and complete analysis of these years, and it is a worthy finale to the first two volumes. Exhaustively researched and carefully written, it draws on a full range of primary and secondary materials. This book will be essential reading for those who enjoyed the first two volumes and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.
Reid does a wonderful job of capturing Churchill in all his complexity. He gives Churchill great praise for his personal courage and inspirational leadership during the dark days when Britain stood alone, but he is equally clear about Churchill’s poor strategic judgments, such as the efforts to defend Greece and Crete, the Allied assault on Anzio, and the decision to send the battleship Prince of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse to the South China Sea without adequate air cover where they were promptly sunk by the Japanese.
He highlights Churchill’s naiveté in dealing with Soviet Premier Stalin in the early years of the war, but praises his prescience in anticipating Stalin’s land grab in Eastern Europe at the end of the conflict. Reid also gives welcome attention to aspects of the war ― such as Churchill’s fear that the United States might decide to put its primary emphasis on defeating Japan regardless of the “Germany first” understanding he shared with Roosevelt that have received little attention in other books.
5. What can be known about the two biographies of Churchill? A. They were written in an interesting style. B. They were written prior to Churchill’s death.
C. They are mainly written from a historical point of view. D. They have helped intrigue the readers over a long period.
6. Why did the biography once become a front page story in The New York Times? A. People were looking forward to the publication of the final volume. B. Readers were angry with the author for the delay of the final volume. C. The publication of the final volume was then a heatedly discussed issue. D. Readers wanted to know who would be the new author of the final volume.
7. Why does the third volume prove to be worthy? A. It is widely read and welcomed by readers. B. It involves enough details in Churchill’s life. C. It is based on thorough and reliable research. D. It offers a unique understanding of Churchill.
8. What can we know about Churchill through the third volume?
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A. B. C. D. He is a man with complexity. He pulled Britain through WWII. He made many strategic mistakes. He is courageous and inspirational.
Passage Three
Asteroids and comets that repeatedly smashed into the early Earth covered the planet’s surface with molten rock during its earliest days, but still may have left oases of water that could have supported the evolution of life, scientists say. The new study reveals that during the planet’s infancy, the surface of the Earth was a hellish environment, but perhaps not as hellish as often thought, scientists added.
Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. The first 500 million years of its life are known as the Hadean Eon. Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history, little is known about it, since few rocks are known that are older than 3.8 billion years old.
For much of the Hadean, Earth and its sister worlds in the inner solar system were pummeled with an extraordinary number of cosmic impacts. “It was thought that because of these asteroids and comets flying around colliding with Earth, conditions on early Earth may have been hellish,” said lead study author Simone Marchi, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. This imagined hellishness gave the eon its name — Hadean comes from Hades, the lord of the underworld in Greek mythology.
However, in the past dozen years or so, a radically different picture of the Hadean began to emerge. Analysis of minerals trapped within microscopic zircon crystals dating from this econ “suggested that there was liquid water on the surface of the Earth back then, clashing with the previous picture that the Hadean was hellish,” Marchi said. This could explain why the evidence of the earliest life on Earth appears during the Hadean — maybe the planet was less inhospitable during that eon than previously thought.
The exact timing and magnitude of the impacts that smashed Earth during the Hadean are unknown. To get an idea of the effects of this bombardment, Machi and his colleagues looked at the moon, whose heavily cratered surface helped model the battering that its close neighbor Earth must have experienced back then.
“We also looked at highly siderophile elements (elements that bind tightly to iron), such as gold, delivered to Earth as a result of these early collisions, and the amounts of these elements tells us the total mass accreted by Earth as the results of these collisions,” Marchi said. Prior research suggests these impacts probably contributed less than 0.5 percent of the Earth’s present-day mass.
The researchers discovered that “the surface of the Earth during the Hadean was heavily affected by very large collisions, by impactors [ɪm'pæktə] larger than 100 kilometers (60 miles) or so — really, really big impactors,’ Marchi said. “When Earth has a collision with an object that big, that melts a large volume of the Earth’s crust and mantle, covering a large fraction of the surface,”
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Marchi added. These findings suggest that Earth’s surface was buried over and over again by large volumes of molten rock — enough to cover the surface of the Earth several times. This helps explain why so few rock survive from the Hadean, the researchers said.
9. Why is little known about the Earth’s first 500 million years?
A. Because it is an imagined period of time. B. Because this period is of little significance.
C. Because it is impossible to know about this period. D. Because no rocks are available as research evidence.
10. Why is the early Earth imagined to be hellish?
A. Because it was often smashed by asteroids and comets. B. Because back then Hades, the lord of Hell, resigned. C. Because it was so according to Greek mythology. D. Because back then there was no life.
11. Why was the early Earth in fact less inhospitable than often thought?
A. Because minerals of the Hadean have been found suggesting the existence of life. B. Because the clashing brought by asteroids and comets was not completely damaging. C. Because during the Hadean there already existed the evidence of life. D. Because there had already been liquid water on the Earth back then.
12. How can the moon help with the understanding of the impacts that smashed the Earth?
A. The moon once smashed into the Earth too. B. The moon was battered earlier than the Earth.
C. The moon, as a close neighbor, is easier to observe. D. The moon’s surface is heavily cratered as the Earth’s.
Passage Four
From beach balls, pool toys, and jump houses, inflatable technology takes a big step forward for its next frontier: space station. A new kind of tech will be aboard Space X’s eighth supply mission to the International Space Station (ISS). A compressed living module will be delivered and attached to the station where, in the void of space, it will expand into a new habitat for astronauts.
Designed by Bigelow Aerospace, the inflatable space habitat is one area NASA is exploring for potential deep space habitats and other advanced space missions.
“The ‘Bigelow Expandable Activity Module,’ or the BEAM, is an expandable habitat that will be used to investigate technology and understand the potential benefits of such habitats for human missions to deep space,” NASA Administrator Charles Bolden wrote in a blog post.
The habitats could be a way to “dramatically increase” the space available for astronauts while also offering added protection from the dangers of space, like radiation and space debris, the NASA press release says.
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But how is an inflatable space station supposed to be a viable means of housing for space travelers? BEAMs are far more than balloon-like rooms where astronauts can take asylum. Technically, the modules don’t inflate ― they expand, according to the company. And beyond just air, the habitats are reinforced with an internal metal structure. The outside is composed of multiple layers of material including things like rubber and kevlar to protect from any speeding debris.
Inside SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft on the way to the ISS, the BEAM will be approximately 8 feet in diameter. It will expand once deployed in space to offer 565 cubic feet of space for astronauts. “It’ll be the first time human beings will actually step inside this expandable habitat in space,” former astronaut George Zamka, who has worked for Bigelow Aerospace, told USA Today. “There won’t be this sense of it being like a balloon.”
But astronauts won’t be getting inside the module for some time yet. The BEAM will be attached to the Tranquility Node and deployed. Inside the module are a series of tools that will help the crew of the ISS monitor different aspects of the expandable area to see how it acts in space. The crew will watch heat, radiation, orbital debris, and provide information about the viability of using similar modules in the future.
The testing is scheduled to go on for a two-year time period, after which the module will be released and burn up in the atmosphere. NASA’s partnership with Bigelow fits Mr. Bolden’s desire to help grow a robust private sector industry to commercialize aspects of space ― a process he sees as vital if humans want to reach farther cosmic destinations. “The world of low Earth orbit belongs to industry,” Bolden said at a press conference in January 2015.
13. What is special about the new living module on SpaceX’s eighth mission to ISS?
A) It is expandable. C) It is going to deep space. B) It looks like a toy. D) It will not return to Earth.
14. What is the purpose of designing the inflatable space habitat?.
A. It is to find out its potential capacity. B. It is to give a try on a new technology. C. It is to save time and money in production. D. It is to see if it can be applied in deep space.
15. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. The habitat will not be a balloon-like room. B. The habitat will not feel like a balloon. C. The habitat will be like a senseless balloon. D. The habitat will be a different kind of balloon.
16. Why does NASA intend to commercialize aspects of space?
A. It can save NASA time and energy. B. It is necessary for a robust industry.
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C. It is crucial for further space explorations. D. It meets both NASA’s and Bigelow’s needs.
Passage Five
Of all the people on my holiday shopping list, there was one little boy for whom buying a gift had become increasingly difficult. He’s a wonderful child, adorable and loving, and he’s not fussy or irritable or spoiled. Though he lives across the country from me, I receive regular updates and photos, and he likes all the things that the boys his age want to play with. Shopping for him should be easy, but I find it hard to summon up any enthusiasm, because in all the years I’ve given him presents, he never once sent me a thank-you note.
“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,” mourns Mary Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms. Demeanor” and author of six etiquette books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”
Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me: I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is a tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside ― it’s an attitude based on respecting other people.”
A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?
A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a hose on it); a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state to find such a unique item!); a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way it has enhanced your life (I’ll be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!).
So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most appropriate time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot. I have explained to my kids how I have reacted to not hearing from the little boy ― how it made me fell unappreciated and unmotivated to repeat the process next year.
I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-mail thank-you notes; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special ― just as, we hope, the recipient feels. It’s a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.
17. The author felt unmotivated when buying a gift for the little boy because he ________.
A. purposely intended not to show gratitude for her kindness and consideration B. had never expressed appreciation of the gifts he received in previous years.
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C. had no idea how thoughtful she was in choosing a gift for him D. didn’t like any of the gift she had given him
18. According to Ms. Demeanor, showing appreciation has the benefit of ________.
A. forming the habit of good manners
B. regaining the lost art of expressing thanks C. motivating the gift giver to buy more gifts
D. distinguishing oneself from others in work and life
19. In a thank-you note, “The book will be my good companion when I am alone” serves as
________.
A. a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it B. an announcement of how it has enhanced your life C. a prediction of how you will use your gift D. an acknowledgement of the gift
20. What does the author mean by “while the tinsel is hot (Line 2, Para. 6)?
A. The moment her kids receive a gift.
B. The moment she starts choosing gifts for each kid. C. When the art of sending thank-you notes isn’t lost yet.
D. When her kids still remember who bought the gifts for them.
Part II English-Chinese Translation (5’×4 = 20 points)
Directions: Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to (4), from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss--these terms are part of the economist’s language. In the coming chapters, you will encounter many new terms and some familiar words that economists use in specialized ways. (1)At first, this new language may seem needlessly arcane. But, as you will see, its value lies in its ability to provide you a new and useful way of thinking about the world in which you live. Economists try to address their subject with a scientist’s objectivity. They approach the study of the economy in much the same way as a physicist approaches the study of matter and a biologist approaches the study of life: (2)They devise theories, collect data, and then analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their theories.
To beginners, it can seem odd to claim that economics is a science. After all, economists do not work with test tubes or telescopes. (3)The essence of science, however, is the scientific methods--the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works.
This method of inquiry is as applicable to studying a nation’s economy as it is to studying the earth’s gravity or a species’ evolution. (4)As Albert Einstein once put it, “The whole of science is nothing more than the refinement of everyday thinking.” (225words) Part II Chinese-English Translation (20 points) Directions: Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write your
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answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。例如，当中东战争中断了原油运输时，全世界石油价格飞涨。对石油和石油产品的消费者来说，这个事件降低了他们的生活水平。对经济决策者来说，它提出了选择最优反应的难题。但对经济科学家来说，它提供了研究关键自然资源对世界经济影响的机会，而且，在战争引起的石油价格上升结束后，这种机会还会持续很长时间。因此，在本书中我们要考虑许多历史事件。这些事件之所以具有研究价值，既是因为它们使我们能了解过去的经济，更重要的则是因为它们使我们可以说明并评价现在的经济理论。
Part IV Short Essay Writing (20 points)
Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: What Do You Think of Advanced Artificial Intelligence. Read the following words in English. You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. Google’s DeepMind Alpha Go program has beaten all the world champions of the game Go
in a series of battles between man and artificial intelligence. 2. Some people fear advanced artificial intelligence because… 3. Your attitude towards advanced artificial intelligence.
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2017武汉大学博士生英语入学考试真题及标答 Part I Reading Comprehension (40分）(牟老师提供) （1）ADBC (2)DACA (3) DADD (4) ADBC (5) BDCA Part II English- Chinese Translation （20分）（方老师提供的标答）
1. 起初，这些新的语言可能看起来不必要的神秘，但是，你会看到，其价值在于他能提供给你一种新的和有用的思考方式，让你思考你生活的世界。
2. 他们设计理论，收集数据，然后分析这些数据，试图能够证明或者反驳他们的理论。
3. 然而，科学的真髓是科学的方法--即客观冷静地创立并检测世界如何运转的科学理论。
4. 就像爱因斯坦曾经提出的：整个科学无非就是对日常思考的精炼。 Part III Chinese- English Translation （20分）（方老师提供的标答）
Directions: Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
为了找到实验室试验的替代实验，经济学家会密切关注由历史提供的自然实验。例如，当中东的一次战争中断了原油供应时，油价在全球范围内狂涨。对于石油及石油产品的消费者来说，这样的一次事件会降低生活水平。对于经济决策者来说，它给他们出了一道难题，即如何做出最佳应对。但对于经济学家来说，它为研究重要自然资源对世界经济的影响提供了一次机会，且这种机会在战时的油价飞涨结束很久依然存在。因此，整本书中，我们会分析很多历史事件。这些历史事件值得研究，因为，它们让我们对旧时的经济有所了解，更重要的是，因为它们使我们能够说明和评价当今的经济理论。 Keys：
To find a substitute for laboratory experiments, economists pay close attention to the natural experiments offered by history. When a war in the Middle East interrupts the flow of crude oil, for instance, oil prices skyrocket around the world. For consumers of oil and oil products, such an event depresses living standards. For economic policymakers, it poses a difficult choice about how best to respond. But for economic scientists, it provides an opportunity to study the effects of a key natural resource on the world’s economics, and this opportunity persists long after the wartime increase in oil prices is over. Throughout this book, therefore, we consider many historical episodes. These episodes are valuable to study because they give us insight into the economy of the past and, more important, because they allow us to illustrate and evaluate economic theories of the present.
Part IV Short Essay Writing （20分）（牟老师提供的范文）
Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: What Do You Think of Advanced Artificial Intelligence. Read the following words in English. You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.
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1. Google’s Deep mind Alpha Go program has beaten all the world champions of the game Go in a series of battles between man and artificial intelligence. 2. Some people fear advanced artificial intelligence because.... 3. Your attitude towards advanced artificial intelligence. Sample:
Recently, the news that Alpha Go, Google’s Deep Mind program, had beaten the world champions of the game Go between man and artificial intelligence has drawn much attention. Though it is definitely a great progress on technology, different people have different attitude towards it.
Considering the following reasons, some of us are afraid of advanced artificial intelligence. Firstly, advanced artificial intelligence is so smart that it may become omnipotent. Take Alpha Go for example, it can study and develop by itself, which is out of imagination for us. Secondly, this kind of intelligent creation may do harm to us. If the advanced artificial intelligence becomes as smart as us, or even more clever than us, they might rule us human beings as what we did to the animals.
From my point of view, the rapid development of advance artificial intelligence is of great help and significance. All the products of technology are made and designed for the convenience of mankind. With the help of advanced artificial intelligence, we can promote the productivity efficiently, for which we would have more spare time for other things in our daily life. Moreover, this technological development is bound to change our life style just as what the computer and internet had done many years ago. Being aware of it, we should appreciate the development of advanced artificial intelligence instead of being afraid of imaginary danger.
Sample:
The victory of Alpha Go not only brought up a huge impact on the whole Go community, but also made artificial intelligence once again the protagonist in this new era of high technology.
The ensuing outcome was people’s panic, that artificial intelligence might jeopardize human’s status someday, which seemed quite reasonable. Animals would suffice as a vivid example. The superiority of humans, comparing with animals, lies in the unique intelligence of mankind. Therefore, when our exclusive wisdom is somehow surpassed by a computer program, we might just be in animals’ shoes confronted with a more intelligence species.
However, my attitude is not that pessimistic. Though to some extent, artificial intelligence might imperil the status of humans in some certain fields, like Go field or translation field, the complexity, of something spiritual such as love and aesthetic, can’t be acquired by the mere combination of hardwares and softwares. Besides, we humans create artificial intelligence. I deem if we have the ability to give them cradles, we are able to offer them graves. Hence, all we need is to find a balancing point where we make the best of them yet still hold a steady control upon them.
Sample:
It is known to all that Google’s Deep Mind Alpha Go has defeated the top rank
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Go player, Ke Jie. This battle brought the whole world into heated discussion about advanced artificial intelligence. When it comes to whether AI should be approved of or not, people’s view vary from person to person. Some people hold the view that AI should be abandoned while others don’t agree.
Those people who are afraid of AI argue that AI will give threat to human beings’ existence. The fact that AI, or specifically, the Alpha Go, is capable to learn autonomously, leads the public to panic that AI may eventually get out of people’s control.
Even if their point of view sounds reasonable, I still maintain the idea that AI’s further development should be approved. As many advocates claim, AI, in essence, is just a set of codes and data. Those seemingly frightening AI just own a more complex and intelligent program. That is to say, there is no need to consider AI as a tribulation. Even if AI really has the same emotion and mind like human do, I am confident that with the technology’s help, we can overcome the difficulties and live in harmony with them.
When all these factors were taken into account, we can draw a conclusion that no matter what will happen in the future, we should hold the belief that we can make good use of AI and benefit a lot from it. Sample:
Nowadays, the news that the Alpha Go program has beaten world champions of the game Go in a series of battles quickly spread around the world and thus aroused people’s concern of the utilization of artificial intelligence. Although artificial intelligence has become an unavoidable part of our life, people hold different opinions towards it.
Some people fear advanced artificial intelligence because of two reasons. On the one hand, they fear that artificial intelligence will finally rule over human beings. With the rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligent products exist today can learn new things by themselves. This triggered a great number of people’s worry that they may one day gain real intelligence and emotions as human being do and as they are stronger, they may rule over us. On the other hand, these people also fear that the utilization of advanced artificial intelligence will cause an increase in unemployment. Nowadays, many jobs that once belonged to human labor force gave way to artificial intelligence because they work more efficiently. This may cause a series of problems in the society.
From my perspective, however, the benefits of artificial intelligence outweigh its disadvantages. To begin with, advanced artificial intelligence can help people process a large amount of complicated work and thus saves time. Secondly, advanced artificial intelligence can help people store more data and information, which is a blessing for cultural inheritance. Last but not least, advanced artificial intelligence can help people detect uncharted territories and provide feedback and analysis, which in turn can accelerate the development in science and technology.
All in all, from the reasons I have mentioned above, I can draw the conclusion that as advanced artificial intelligence can help us in many ways, we should not stop researching on it only because of the fears that may never come true.
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