主谓一致在英语表达中是一个应该特别注意的语法现象，它要求句子主语和谓语在人称和数两方面应保持一致。很多学生对于英语的主谓一致了解不深，对定语从句和名词性从句的主谓一致了解得更少，因此很容易出错。
下面就对这一问题进行探讨。 一、定语从句的主谓一致
1. 一般来讲，定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。 【例句】 I am not one who is afraid of difficulty. 我是个不怕困难的人。
Don't choose me，who am not qualified for this job. 不要选我，我不适合做这项工作。
Anyone who has questions to ask， please come to my office this afternoon. 有问题要问的人，今天下午到我办公室来。
2. 当定语从句中的先行词是 “one of + 复数名词”时，在非正式的英语口语中，有时甚至在一些很正规的文体中，动词的数与 one相一致，这是因为说话者或写作者首先想到的是one，而不是one后面真正的先行词。但也经常与先行词保持一致，采用复数。因此要根据具体句意而定。
【例句】 That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that has appeared in recent years. 那本词典是近几年来所见到的最有价值的词典之一。(强调其中的这一本)
Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals that is noted for its busy harbor. 布宜诺斯艾利斯是一个以其海港的热闹而闻名的国家首都。从句中的is不能改成are。这点很好理解，因为用are就意味着世界上所有国家的首都以海港热闹而出名，这是不符合实际的。再如：
He was one of the students who were late for school. 他是迟到的学生之一。(从句用复数修饰先行词，说明迟到学生的范围)
3. 当定语从句的先行词是：“the only one of + 复数名词”时,定语从句的谓语动词要与 one保持一致而取单数形式，其原因是跟句子的意义有关。
【例句】 He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job. 他是那些工人中惟一能做此工作的人。
He was the only one of the boys who was late for class. 他是上课迟到的惟一一个学生。 二、名词性从句的主谓一致：
1. 从句充当主语时，动词通常用单数形式。引导主语从句的连词主要有what， whatever， when， where， why， how， that， whether等。
【例句】 What I am most interested in is American movies. 我最感兴趣的是美国电影。 Whatever he says is of no importance. 无论他说什么都不重要。 Whoever says that is wrong. 无论谁说这话都不对。
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What is troubling me is that I don't know what is to be done with the new machine. 使我感到麻烦的是我不知道怎么处理这台新机器。
Why he is late for class is more than I can tell. 为什么他上课迟到，我也说不上来。
2. 当who, whoever等词引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词常用单数；但如果主语从句中的动词是复数，有时根据语义，主句中谓语动词要用复数形式。
【例句】 What you are doing is none of my business. 你现在的所作所为与我无关。
Who are going to attend the meeting has been decided by the manager. 哪些人去参加会议，已由经理做出了决定。
Whoever say that are to be punished. 谁这样讲，就惩罚谁。 三、 强调句中的主谓一致
1. 不管被强调部分是单数还是复数，是时间、地点还是原因，强调句型中的be动词一律采用单数形式。 【例句】 It's Mary and James that are standing behind the counter. 站在柜台后面的是玛丽和詹姆斯。 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school. 他没来上学是因为他病了。 2. 当被强调部分是句子的主语时，从句谓语的人称和数常与被强调部分保持一致。 【例句】 It's I who am to be punished for doing that. 是我应该为做那件事受到惩罚。
It is the Communist Party that has made China what she is today. 是中国共产党使中国成为今天这个样子的。
1. 语法形式上的一致。
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式：主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 2.意义上一致。
(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。
(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。 形复意单(不可数)的词有：news, maths, physics等。
3.就近原则
谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如there be句型或用连词either...or...，neither...nor...,not only...but also等。
4.要注意的几个问题。
(1)class, family, team, country, school等集合名词作主语时，如果指整体，用单数；如果指每个成员，用复数。
如:His family are watching TV in the sitting room. His family is very big.
(2)trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它们与a pair
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of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。 如：The pair of glasses fits you well.
Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.
(3)名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 如：ours (=Our Party) is a great party.
Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown.
5.当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。
如：Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. 6.the+adj表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 如：The old are going to be looked after well.
7.and连接并列主语、谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词无冠词。
如：A speaker and writer is coming tomorrow.(同一个人) A speaker and a writer are coming tomorrow.(两个人)
8.Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时，谓语动词用单数，其中A、B代表单数名词。
9.The number of+...，谓语动词用单数。
A number of+...，谓语动词用复数，相当于a lot of。 如：The number of the students in our class is 50. A number of students are learning Japanese now.
10.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 Behind the house are some trees.
11.表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.
12.几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主语，谓语动词由后面的n/pron决定。而one of+n/pron作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Two thirds of the bread was eaten.
13.名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。 如：The doctor's is on the other side of the street.
14.表示“一段时间”“一段距离”“一些钱”的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 如：Six miles is too far for an old man to walk.
15.关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。 如：Those who want to go have signed their names here.
16.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人所表达的意思决定单复数。 如：Who live next door? It's Zhang and Liu./Who lives next door? It's Liu. 【典型例题解析】
例1 The rich ________ not always happy. A. are B. is C. has D. have
解析the + adj.表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，故选A。 例2 The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years. A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five
解析 每四年一次的奥林匹克往往看作复数。故选B。 例3 No one but her classmates ______it.
A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing
解析 当主语后跟有but引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按but前面部分的单复数而定。故选B。 例4 解析表示一些钱的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，故选D。
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例5 No bird and no beast _______ on the lonely island. A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees
解析 No...and no...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选B。 【选讲例题】
例6 Look, here come some _______. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow
解析 some后的复数名词只有deer,故选C。
例7 The number of students of this school ______ large. A. are B. have not C. isn't D. aren't
解析 The number of+...，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选C。 【课内追踪练习】 单项选择
(B) 1.The singer and pianist _____ asked to make a speech at the meeting yesterday. A. is B. was C. are D. were
(A) 2.A large number of students in our class _____ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be
(B) 3.The paper for books and new papers ______ made of wood. A. are B. is C. has D. have
(B) 4.What we need _____ good textbooks. A. is B. are C. have D. has
(D) 5.Each of the ______ in the ship.
A. passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own room C. passenger have their own room D. passengers has his own room (B) 6.What you said ______the matter we are discussing. A. have something to do at B. has something to do with
C. had something to do with D. has been something to do with
(B) 7.Not only my brother but also I _____ good at painting. Both of us _____good painters. A. are...are B. am...areC. is...is D. are...is 【课外巩固练习】一、单项选择
(B) 8.Three-fourths of the homework ______today. A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished
(C) 9Many people say 10,000 _______ a lot of money. A. dollar is B. dollars are C. dollars is D. dollar are
(A) 10.Nobody but two students ______ left in the classroom. A. is B. are C. has D. have (B) 11.The police _______soon.
A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come
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(C) 12.More than 60 percent of world's radio programs _______ in English. A. is B. was C. are D. be 二、用所给词的适当形式填空
13.Tom and I are (be) going to see a film this evening. 14.The doctor and writer has (have) been here for two years. 15.There is (be) a pen and three books on the desk. 16.My family all like (like) to watch TV. 17.He or she has (have) gone there. 18.The news is (be) very interesting. 19.Three days is (be) not enough for us. 20.Neither of us enjoys (enjoy) climbing the tree. 21.Every door and every window is (be) to be cleaned. 22.Tom's new trousers are (be) blue.
23.None were (be) late for school yester day. 24.A cart and horse is (be) coming.
25.Tom，like Mary and Rose, has (have) an interesting book. 26.One of the windows is (be) closed. 27.All of my hope is (be) gone. 28.Everything goes (go) well with me.
29.Doing morning exercises is (be) good for your health. 30.What he said sounds (sound) reasonable.(有理的) 31.In the boat are (be) three young men. 32.“I” is (be) the ninth letter.
初中英语语法专项习题15-主谓一致
1( ) 1 -Have you got some water to drink?-Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle. A. are B. were C. is D. was
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( ) 2 _____ there many American friends in the school last Friday? A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
( ) 3 There ____ a great many accidents last year. A. were B. are C. is D. was
( ) 4 -How many children ____ in the picture?-Three. A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there
2( ) 1 In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests. A. were B. has been C. / D. was
( ) 2 Most of our earth____ covered by water. A. are B. is C. was D. were
( ) 3 Sunday ____ the first day of the week. A. is B. are C. am D. be ( ) 4 Neither___right.
A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't 3( ) 1 The population of the world ____ still ____ now. A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown
( ) 2 There ____ many people running in the park every morning. A. is B. were C. are D. have
( ) 3 These police often___the children across the street. A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping
4( ) 1 ___ going to England by air next week. A. The Green family are B. The Greens family are C. The Green's family are D. Green family are
( ) 2 The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now. A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all ( ) 3 Our class ___ big. A. is B. are C. were D. will
5 ( ) 1 Neither he nor I ____ from Canada. We are from Australia. A. is B. are C. am D. be
( ) 2 Either you or he ____ right. A. are B. is C. does D. were
( ) 3 Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing. A. is B. are C. is not D. are not
( ) 4 Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy. A. is B. was C. are D. has
6 ( ) 1 Physics ___ interesting to us. A. are B. has C. is D. were
( ) 2 The news____ exciting. We got excited at it. A. is B. was C. were D. are
( ) 3 Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard. A. are B. were C. was D. is 参考答案：
1. 1-4 C D A D 2. 1-4 D B A C 3. 1-3 C C A 4. 1-3 A D A 5. 1-4 C B A C 6. 1-3 C B D
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