高考阅读(北京卷)

2005年高考阅读（北京卷）

A

① Brain-injured boy set for ₤1.75m payout

A YOUNGSTER who was knocked off his tricycle by a taxi and left with a serious brain injury is set to be awarded ₤1.75 million. Fourteen-year-old George Currie, from Dalkeith, was living in County Durham with his parents Allister and Paula at the time of the accident in September 1993. George, who was then three years old, was riding his small tricycle along the pavement when he lost control and swerved on to the road into the path of an on-coming taxi. The driver’s insurance company has now accepted responsibility for the accident and New Castle County Court is expected to rule on the payout on Monday.

Boating accidents reduce ② TOP 10

Florida counties with the Lee and Collier counties tied at No. 10 for most accidents in 2004: boating accidents in Florida in 2004, an improvement 1. Monroe (98) for both. 2. Palm Beach (65) But because the counties remained in the top 10 3. Pinellas (64) among Florida’s 67 counties, safety continues to be a 4. Broward (59) 5. Miami-Dade (54)

③ Teens react to new law on driving permit

6. Okaloosa (34) Lawmakers may hope to make teenage drivers drive

more safely, but some local teens behind the wheel feel 7. Orange (24)

angry following the passing of Senate Bill 36 last week. 8. Bay (22)

SB 36 is a law that limits times new teen drivers can

10. Lee (21) drive and the number of passengers they can carry. 10. Collier (21) ④ Road accidents take costly toll Traffic accidents kill more tan one million people each year, injure tens of millions more and cost developing countries twice as much as they receive in international aid,

the leader of a research body said Wednesday. The figures have led experts to form an international road safety network to choose the most important research areas, inform policy makers and help develop ways to prevent accidents, particularly in poor nations. Accidents kill the mos important e research is still 56. What does Passage ① tell us about the boy?

A. He was injured in the head when he was 14. B. He has waited for the payout for a long time. C. He has lived in the same place since the accident.

D. He was run over by a taxi when riding on the pavement.

57. What can we learn about Lee and Collier counties from Passage ②?

A. They both became safe places. B. They won the same place in a race.

C. They had the same number of accidents. D. They joined hands in reducing accidents.

58. Which passage would give more information on the prevention of road accidents?

A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④

B Chances

I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job. I also think my work is important. There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career.

I wasn’t an excellent student because I didn’t do much schoolwork. In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didn’t have much to offer. I just accepted that I wasn’t the type to have a career.

I then found myself a job, looking after two little girls. It wasn’t too bad at first. But the problems began when I agreed to live in, so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening. We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week, she’d give me time off the next. But unfortunately, it didn’t often work out. I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.

One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Megan who used to go to school with me. I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification(资格证书) if I wanted to work with children. I didn’t think I would be accepted because I didn’t take many exams in school. She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful. My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part-time course. I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten.

Now I’ve got a full-time job there. I shall always be thankful to Megan. I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career, even if you aren’t top of the class at school.

59. What is the author’s present job?

A. Working part-time in a college. B. Taking care of children for a family. C. Helping children with their schoolwork. D. Looking after children at a kindergarten.

60. When staying with the two girls’ family, the author _____.

A. was paid for extra work B. often worked long hours C. got much help from her boss D. took a day off every other week 61. Why did the author leave her first job?

A. She found a full-time job. B. She was fed up with children.

C. She decided to attend a part-time course. D. She needed a rest after working extra hours.

62. What has the author learned from her own experiences?

A. Less successful students can still have a career. B. Qualifications are necessary for a career. C. Hard work makes an excellent student. D. One must choose the job she likes.

C

Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward(别扭的) hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows(肘) next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.

Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:

●power tools rather than having to use muscle power

●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist(手腕) to keep straight (See figure 1). This means that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hanging relaxed at a person’s side

Figure 1. Bend the tool, not the wrist

●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means having a selection of sizes—remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly important consideration for women who may use tools originally designed for men.

●tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not have sharp edges or a small surface area. 63. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Good Tool Design for Women. B. Importance of Good Tool Design.

C. Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries. D. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection.

64. Which of the following describes a well-designed tool?

A. It’s kept close to the body. B. It fully uses muscle power. C. It makes users feel relaxed. D. It’s operated with less force. 65. What is Figure 1 used to show?

A. The effective use of the tool. B. The way of operating the tool. C. The proper design of the handle. D. The purpose of bending the wrist. 66. In choosing tools for women, _____ of the handle is the most important.

A. the size B. the edge C. the shape D. the position

D

How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments—mostly for entertainment purposes—is fair and respectful?

Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people

that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural bones.

Zoos claim(声称) to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range(分布区). The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.

The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.

Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?

Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.

67. How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?

A. Dangerous. B. Unhappy. C. Natural. D. Easy. 68. In the state of zoochosis, animals _____. A. remain in cages B. behave strangely C. attack other animals D. enjoy moving around 69. What does the author try to argue in the passage?

A. Zoos are not worth the public support. B. Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals. C. Zoos should treat animals as human beings. D. Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.

70. The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _____.

A. pointing out the faults in what zoos do B. using evidence he has collected at zoos C. questioning the way animals are protected D. discussing the advantages of natural habitats

71. Although he argues against zoos, the author would still agree that _____.

A. zoos have to keep animals in small cages B. most animals in zoos are endangered species C. some endangered animals are reproduced in zoos

D. it’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats

E

Language as a System of Symbols

Of all systems of symbols, language is the most highly developed. It has been pointed out that human beings, by agreement, can make anything stand for anything. Human beings have agreed, in the course of centuries of mutual(相互的) dependency, to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs, throats, tongues, teeth, and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in their nervous systems. We call that system of agreements language.

There is no necessary connection between the symbol and that which it stands for. Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head, by gold on the watch chain, or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in, so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in.

However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject. Symbols and the things they stand for are independent of each other, yet we all have a way of feeling as if, and sometimes acting as if, there were necessary connections. For example, there are people who feel that foreign languages are unreasonable by nature; foreigners have such funny names for things, and why can’t they call things by their right names? This feeling exhibits itself most strongly in those English and American tourists who seem to believe that they can make the natives of any country understand English if they shout loud enough. Like the little boy who is reported to have said: “Pigs are called pigs because they are such dirty animals,” they feel that the symbol is inherently(内在地) connected in some way with the things symbolized.

72. Language is a highly developed system of symbols because human beings _____.

A. have made use of language for centuries B. use our nervous systems to support language C. have made various noises stand for any events

D. can make anything stand for anything by agreement 73. What can we conclude from Paragraph 2?

A. Different noises may mean different things.

B. Our culture determines what a symbol stands for. C. The language we use symbolizes our social positions. D. Our social positions determine the way we are dressed. 74. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.

A. try very hard B. take our time C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful 75. The example of the little boy is used to show that _____.

A. adults often learn from their young

B. “pig” is a dirty word because pigs are dirty

C. words are not connected with the things they stand for

D. people sometimes have wrong ideas about how language works

56—60 BCDDB

下午13：00—17：00 61—65 CACDC 66—70 ABBAA 71—75 CDBAD

B．实行不定时工作制的员工，在保证完成甲方工作任务情况下，经公司同意,可自行安排工作和休息时间。 3．1．2打卡制度 3.1.2.1公司实行上、下班指纹录入打卡制度。全体员工都必须自觉遵守工作时间，实行不定时工作制的员工不必打卡。 3.1.2.2打卡次数：一日两次，即早上上班打卡一次，下午下班打卡一次。 3.1.2.3打卡时间：打卡时间为上班到岗时间和下班离岗时间； 3.1.2.4因公外出不能打卡：因公外出不能打卡应填写《外勤登记表》,注明外出日期、事由、外勤起止时间。因公外出需事先申请，如因特殊情况不能事先申请，应在事毕到岗当日完成申请、审批手续，否则按旷工处理。因停电、卡钟（工卡）故障未打卡的员工，上班前、下班后要及时到部门考勤员处填写《未打卡补签申请表》，由直接主管签字证明当日的出勤状况，报部门经理、人力资源部批准后，月底由部门考勤员据此上报考勤。上述情况考勤由各部门或分公司和项目文员协助人力资源部进行管理。 3.1.2.5手工考勤制度 3.1.2.6手工考勤制申请：由于工作性质，员工无法正常打卡（如外围人员、出差），可由各部门提出人员名单，经主管副总批准后，报人力资源部审批备案。 3.1.2.7参与手工考勤的员工，需由其主管部门的部门考勤员(文员)或部门指定人员进行考勤管理，并于每月26日前向人力资源部递交考勤报表。 3.1.2.8参与手工考勤的员工如有请假情况发生，应遵守相关请、休假制度，如实填报相关表单。 3.1.2.9 外派员工在外派工作期间的考勤,需在外派公司打卡记录;如遇中途出差,持出差证明,出差期间的考勤在出差地所在公司打卡记录; 3.2加班管理 3.2.1定义 加班是指员工在节假日或公司规定的休息日仍照常工作的情况。 A．现场管理人员和劳务人员的加班应严格控制，各部门应按月工时标准，合理安排工作班次。部门经理要严格审批员工排班表，保证员工有效工时达到要求。凡是达到月工时标准的，应扣减员工本人的存休或工资；对超出月工时标准的，应说明理由，报主管副总和人力资源部审批。 B．因员工月薪工资中的补贴已包括延时工作补贴，所以延时工作在4小时（不含）以下的，不再另计加班工资。因工作需要，一般员工延时工作4小时至8小时可申报加班半天，超过8小时可申报加班1天。对主管(含)以上管理人员，一般情况下延时工作不计加班，因特殊情况经总经理以上领导批准的延时工作，可按以上标准计加班。 3.2.2.2员工加班应提前申请，事先填写《加班申请表》，因无法确定加班工时的，应在本次加班完成后3个工作日内补填《加班申请表》。《加班申请表》经部门经理同意，主管副总经理审核报总经理批准后有效。《加班申请表》必须事前当月内上报有效，如遇特殊情况，也必须在一周内上报至总经理批准。如未履行上述程序，视为乙方自愿加班。 3.2.2.3员工加班，也应按规定打卡，没有打卡记录的加班，公司不予承认；有打卡记录但无公司总经理批准的加班，公司不予承认加班。 3.2.2.4原则上，参加公司组织的各种培训、集体活动不计加班。 3.2.2.5加班工资的补偿：员工在排班休息日的加班，可以以倒休形式安排补休。原则上，员工加班以倒休形式补休的，公司将根据工作需要统一安排在春节前后补休。加班可按1：1的比例冲抵病、事假。 3.2.3加班的申请、审批、确认流程 3.2.3.1《加班申请表》在各部门文员处领取，加班统计周期为上月26日至本月25日。 3.2.3.2员工加班也要按规定打卡，没有打卡记录的加班，公司不予承认。各部门的考勤员(文员)负责《加班申请表》的保管及加班申报。员工加班应提前申请，事先填写《加班申请表》加班前到部门考勤员(文员)处领取《加班申请表》，《加班申请表》经项目管理中心或部门经理同意，主管副总审核，总经理签字批准后有效。填写并履行完审批手续后交由部门考勤员(文员)保管。 3.2.3.3部门考勤员（文员）负责检查、复核确认考勤记录的真实有效性并在每月27日汇总交人力资源部，逾期未交的加班记录公司不予承认。 下午13：00—17：00 B．实行不定时工作制的员工，在保证完成甲方工作任务情况下，经公司同意,可自行安排工作和休息时间。 3．1．2打卡制度 3.1.2.1公司实行上、下班指纹录入打卡制度。全体员工都必须自觉遵守工作时间，实行不定时工作制的员工不必打卡。 3.1.2.2打卡次数：一日两次，即早上上班打卡一次，下午下班打卡一次。 3.1.2.3打卡时间：打卡时间为上班到岗时间和下班离岗时间； 3.1.2.4因公外出不能打卡：因公外出不能打卡应填写《外勤登记表》,注明外出日期、事由、外勤起止时间。因公外出需事先申请，如因特殊情况不能事先申请，应在事毕到岗当日完成申请、

审批手续，否则按旷工处理。因停电、卡钟（工卡）故障未打卡的员工，上班前、下班后要及时到部门考勤员处填写《未打卡补签申请表》，由直接主管签字证明当日的出勤状况，报部门经理、人力资源部批准后，月底由部门考勤员据此上报考勤。上述情况考勤由各部门或分公司和项目文员协助人力资源部进行管理。 3.1.2.5手工考勤制度 3.1.2.6手工考勤制申请：由于工作性质，员工无法正常打卡（如外围人员、出差），可由各部门提出人员名单，经主管副总批准后，报人力资源部审批备案。 3.1.2.7参与手工考勤的员工，需由其主管部门的部门考勤员(文员)或部门指定人员进行考勤管理，并于每月26日前向人力资源部递交考勤报表。 3.1.2.8参与手工考勤的员工如有请假情况发生，应遵守相关请、休假制度，如实填报相关表单。 3.1.2.9 外派员工在外派工作期间的考勤,需在外派公司打卡记录;如遇中途出差,持出差证明,出差期间的考勤在出差地所在公司打卡记录; 3.2加班管理 3.2.1定义 加班是指员工在节假日或公司规定的休息日仍照常工作的情况。 A．现场管理人员和劳务人员的加班应严格控制，各部门应按月工时标准，合理安排工作班次。部门经理要严格审批员工排班表，保证员工有效工时达到要求。凡是达到月工时标准的，应扣减员工本人的存休或工资；对超出月工时标准的，应说明理由，报主管副总和人力资源部审批。 B．因员工月薪工资中的补贴已包括延时工作补贴，所以延时工作在4小时（不含）以下的，不再另计加班工资。因工作需要，一般员工延时工作4小时至8小时可申报加班半天，超过8小时可申报加班1天。对主管(含)以上管理人员，一般情况下延时工作不计加班，因特殊情况经总经理以上领导批准的延时工作，可按以上标准计加班。 3.2.2.2员工加班应提前申请，事先填写《加班申请表》，因无法确定加班工时的，应在本次加班完成后3个工作日内补填《加班申请表》。《加班申请表》经部门经理同意，主管副总经理审核报总经理批准后有效。《加班申请表》必须事前当月内上报有效，如遇特殊情况，也必须在一周内上报至总经理批准。如未履行上述程序，视为乙方自愿加班。 3.2.2.3员工加班，也应按规定打卡，没有打卡记录的加班，公司不予承认；有打卡记录但无公司总经理批准的加班，公司不予承认加班。 3.2.2.4原则上，参加公司组织的各种培训、集体活动不计加班。 3.2.2.5加班工资的补偿：员工在排班休息日的加班，可以以倒休形式安排补休。原则上，员工加班以倒休形式补休的，公司将根据工作需要统一安排在春节前后补休。加班可按1：1的比例冲抵病、事假。 3.2.3加班的申请、审批、确认流程 3.2.3.1《加班申请表》在各部门文员处领取，加班统计周期为上月26日至本月25日。 3.2.3.2员工加班也要按规定打卡，没有打卡记录的加班，公司不予承认。各部门的考勤员(文员)负责《加班申请表》的保管及加班申报。员工加班应提前申请，事先填写《加班申请表》加班前到部门考勤员(文员)处领取《加班申请表》，《加班申请表》经项目管理中心或部门经理同意，主管副总审核，总经理签字批准后有效。填写并履行完审批手续后交由部门考勤员(文员)保管。 3.2.3.3部门考勤员（文员）负责检查、复核确认考勤记录的真实有效性并在每月27日汇总交人力资源部，逾期未交的加班记录公司不予承认。 下午13：00—17：00 度。全体员工都必须自觉遵守工作时间，实行不定时工作制的员工不必打卡。 3.1.2.2打卡次数：一日两次，即早上上班打卡一次，下午下班打卡一次。 3.1.2.3打卡时间：打卡时间为上班到岗时间和下班离岗时间； 3.1.2.4因公外出不能打卡：因公外出不能打卡应填写《外勤登记表》,注明外出日期、事由、外勤起止时间。因公外出需事先申请，如因特殊情况不能事先申请，应在事毕到岗当日完成申请、审批手续，否则按旷工处理。因停电、卡钟（工卡）故障未打卡的员工，上班前、下班后要及时到部门考勤员处填写《未打卡补签申请表》，由直接主管签字证明当日的出勤状况，报部门经理、人力资源部批准后，月底由部门考勤员据此上报考勤。上述情况考勤由各部门或分公司和项目文员协助人力资源部进行管理。 3.1.2.5手工考勤制度 3.1.2.6手工考勤制申请：由于工作性质，员工无法正常打卡（如外围人员、出差），可由各部门提出人员名单，经主管副总批准后，报人力资源部审批备案。 3.1.2.7参与手工考勤的员工，需由其主管部门的部门考勤员(文员)或部门指定人员进行考勤管理，并于每月26日前向人力资源部递交考勤报表。 3.1.2.8参与手工考勤的员工如有请假情况发生，应遵守相关请、休假制度，如实填报相关表单。 3.1.2.9 外派员工在外派工作期间的考勤,需在外派公司打卡记录;如遇中途出差,持出差证明,出差期间的考勤在出差地所在公司打卡记录; 3.2加班管理 3.2.1定义 加班是指员工在节假日或公司规定的休息日仍照常工作的情况。

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