硕士英语综合教程1 （参考答案）
目录
Unit 1LowCarbon Economy(1)
Unit 2A Harmonious Society(12)
Unit 3Culture Shock(20)
Unit 4Artificial Intelligence(27)
Unit 5Success and Happiness(34)
Unit 6Urban Life(44)
Unit 7Mass Media(52)
Unit 8New Applications of Waste Materials(60)
Unit 9Car Culture(70)
Unit 10Famous Persons’ Biographies(81)
Unit 11World Cultural Heritage(87)
Unit 12Wisdom and Beliefs(96)
硕士英语综合教程1
Unit 1 LowCarbon Economy
Text A Creating a LowCarbon Economy
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
1. B2. B3. A4. C5. B
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) the result of the rapid buildup of greenhouse gases primarily caused by
carbon
human activities; we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a loweconomy
(2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate
(3) the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms; the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs; and the risk of abrupt and large
scale climate change
(4) Scientific analysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions, and statewhat is to come
of
the
art computer models paint a stark picture of
(5) keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0℃ to 2.4℃
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered
(6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled on
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative
(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering
(11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability
(16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.
(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.
(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if
a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.
(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.
(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.
(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.
(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state
of
the
art technologies and equipment.
(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.
2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.
Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme
weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of sodiseases already are killing millions of people.
called climate
sensitive
Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度( 3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。
(2) 中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。
(3) 在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。
(4) 基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。
(5) 通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。
Text B Living a LowCarbon Lifestyle
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) perilously(2) in harmony with(3) tricky(4) nurture(5) make a difference
(6) insulated(7) deplete(8) step back(9) sustain(10) by way of
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable
(2) keep you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you want to do
(3) simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun
(4) are lined and not covering radiators
(5) coming on, warm enough, you’re not heating rooms
(6) find a balance between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our quality of life
(7) for the strictly necessary amount of time, hot/warm food
(8) the curtains, the doors between rooms
(9) reducing our energy consumption, travelling more efficiently
(10) easily reused and recycled, with the lowest packaging
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) F
Unit 2 A Harmonious Society
Text A Building a Harmonious Society
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) C(2) A(3) B(4) B(5) C
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) leading officials;“building a harmonious society”
(2) the law; rights and interests
(3) coordinate; the economy will develop in a sustained and fast way
(4) humanity and nature; natural resources; pollution; the quality of the environment
(5) the government; unshakable duty
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) swiftly(2) address(3) sustainable(4) flourishing(5) manifestation
(6) cadre(7) stagnation(8) agenda(9) backdrop(10) excerpt
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) C(2) A(3) B(4) D(5) C(6) A(7) D(8) C(9) B(10) A
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) accomplish(2) improve(3) urban(4) benefits(5) prosperous
(6) signifies(7) comprehensive(8) faulty(9) accumulated(10) compulsory
(11) maintained(12) requirements(13) outbreak(14) addressed(15) unsolvable
(16) innovation(17) required(18) inadequate(19) spare(20) remarkable
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Aliens in China shall abide by Chinese law and no behaviors will endanger the national security of China , harm its public interests or disturb its public order.
(2) Love doesn’t lie in gazing at each other but in looking forward together in the same direction.
(3) When learning any foreign language, one has to learn, first and foremost, its new phonological and grammar systems, which means acquiring a totally unfamiliar set of language learning habits.
(4) Financial experts suggest that to the women under 30, the income of this phase in general is the lowest.
(5) China will increase dialogue and cooperation with the United States and
the international community to crack down on all forms of terrorist activities.
(6) Now it is time to make a well organized schedule from the list, so you need to put first and urgent things first and set the high priorities.
(7) In accordance with your request I am sending sample pages of the
dictionary and meanwhile, your valuable suggestions on amendment are welcomed.
(8) In addition, advertisers appeal to the desire for health and prestige, to the desire to be in style, to pride, and to envy and jealousy.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Adhere to the peopleoriented, we should take the realization of human’s
comprehensive development as the goal, we should seek and promote development from people’s fundamental interests, satisfy the people’s growing material and cultural needs to guarantee the people’s economic, political and cultural rights and interests, allowthe development of results benefit all people. To adhere to the people
oriented, all the theories, routes and policies should be all
for the people and by the people, citizens and communities should show mutual respect, understanding, care and help each other. The people
oriented concept
is a denial to the concept of political achievement that seeing things but no people and the blindly pursuing of GDP. It is the foundation to establish proper view of political achievement and is regarded as the “master switch” in concept changing.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
目前,在我国人均国内生产总值突破1000美元。一些国家和地区的发展历程表明,当一个国家的国内生产总值达到1000美元到3000美元时,这个国家的经济发展就进入了一个关键阶段。在这个阶段,都市化程度加快,收入差距继续加大,社会矛盾变得更加复杂。在国际范围内,不断增长的劳动力成本降低了劳动市场的竞争性。在这个阶段,如果应对合理,经济会平稳发展;否则,极有可能引发社会动荡,造成社会资源浪费,破坏生态环境,导致经济衰退。建设和谐社会的目的就是协调不同部门之间的关系,确保经济快速、可持续性发展。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 胡主席说,“当前和今后相当长一段时间内,我国经济社会发展面临的问题和矛盾可能会更复杂、更突出。随着划经济向市场经济的转变,社会结构和意识形态领域也将会发生大的转变。”
(2) 在谈到国际大环境时,胡主席指出建设和谐社会对中国领导人来说也同样是一项基本要求。在国际关系中清除挑战和风险,包括不公平的世界秩序,世界政治多极化的坎坷道路,经济全球化发展带来的压力以及国际安全。
(3) 和谐社会就是全面发挥人的积极性和创造性,使改革开放发展的成果惠及全体人民,加强党同人民群众的血肉联系。
(4) 我们要充分挥法治在促进、实现、保障社会和谐方面的重要作用。在政治、管理、立法部门要严格执行这一原则,以确保用权受监督、违法要追究的监督机制。
(5) 胡主席呼吁全体干部把建设和谐社会摆在重要位置,全心全意为人民服务,不断探
索建设和谐社会的方法和理论。
Text B China: Roused by Disaster
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) crystallize(2) stifle(3) uncensored(4) cathartic(5) clutching
(6) pivotal(7) hellish(8) muzzled(9) monstrous(10) rally
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) worst natural disaster; probably killed at least; more than 5 million
(2) a more compassionate nation, lined up for hours; rushed to aid
(3) the country’s private; not known for their charity; still rising
(4) China’s selfperception, the world’s perception of China
(5) lowered to halfmast, in tearful silence; its epicenter
(6) its people; how to grieve; how to give
(7) private companies, making enormous sacrifices
(8) all over China ; shelter and medical treatment; causing traffic jams
(9) the relief operation, the government responded
(10) has changed, given a fleeting glimpse
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) F(2) T(3) T(4) F(5) T(6) T(7) F(8) T(9) T(10) T
Unit 3 Culture Shock
Text A The Rotary Youth Exchange Experience:Culture Shock
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) B(2) B(3) A(4) C(5) A
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) Usually a rather profound reaction to fairly significant other differences; in the way people view the world, in the way they think and what they value; often experience significant culture shock; experience culture shock at a superficial level
(2) Excitement and Enthusiasm, Irritability, Adaptation, and Biculturalism; from ethnocentrism to enthnorelativism
(3) that people are adjusting when they, without thinking, are doing things which they never thought they could become comfortable with
(4) the high and low feelings that students experience as they go through the various stages of adjustment to culture shock; double negative of culture shock and homesickness
(5) scious Incompetence, Conscious Incompetence, Conscious Competence, Unconscious Competence; an effective ethnorelative
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) Ethnocentrism(2) at the prospect of(3) wellbeing(4) competence
(5) irritability(6) disorientation(7) incompetence(8) be confronted with
(9) frustration(10) verily
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) B(6) D(7) A(8) C(9) A(10) D
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) but(2) discomfort(3) new(4) what(5) For example
(6) because(7) how(8) unfamiliar(9) degree(10) although
(11) Usually(12) identify(13) better(14) First(15) common
(16) In addition(17) When(18) who(19) also(20) that
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
Confucianism has a long history and a profound impact on China ’s politics, ideology, science, culture, art; it is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.
In fact, what we have done with the products over the past for years and will do in the future coincide with the requirement of WTO.
Religious and cultural diversity in a globalizing world needs to be used as the promotion of social justice, tolerance and understanding, as well as international peace and security, and not as a rationale for a new ideological and political confrontation.
The initial period of marriage involves more than accommodating to the presence and habits of another person.
Whether you’ve used the software before or not, you may already be familiar with some of its features, but the new version represents a major milestone in the progression of its development.
By default, when you delete files on most Windows systems the files are not really deleted, they are instead moved into the Recycle Bin, so they still take up disk space.
The effect of the painkiller will naturally wear off within a few hours, but its
advantage is that it has few side effects.
Ecological civilization is the only way to global sustainable development, the best approach to saving the earth’s ecosystem, and the inevitable choice of human development.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
It’s my pleasure to write this column about international students at an American business school, from the perspective of an American. Though Yale, and all other top schools, focus on granting a ‘global’ MBA experience, the style of instruction, the classroom environment, and the nuances of school culture are very much American. In speaking to my classmates who come from other countries, particularly China, it seems that three key pillars of the U.S. education experience actually come as a major culture shock: loud and often boisterous in
class
discussion; the reliance on teamwork to complete tasks; and the unofficial importance of socializing to build a network within the class. For someone who has grown up in the Americanschool system, conforming to these three attributes happens almost subconsciously, and thinking that others may find them surprising or difficult to tackle reveals the unintended limits of my own world view.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
尽管每个学生的经历是不同的,但大多数参加一年期项目的交换生经历着几乎相同的适应文化冲击的过程。必须指出的是,虽然文化冲击会令人感到不舒服,但这并不代表着它本
身有什么错,也不代表着经受其中的人有什么错。相当普遍的情况是: 学生们在适应文化冲击的过程中,新的问题层出不穷,但这对他们而言也是一种有价值的经历。许多人会说,只有当经历了深层次的文化冲击,才是最有价值的交换。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 从问候到饮食,稍不留神就会出差错,不仅让自己难堪,还有可能冒犯东道主。
(2) 在地中海国家,如果你和别人交谈时没有碰对方的手臂,或见面问候时没和对方亲吻拥抱,别人会认为你不热情。在韩国,如果你从后面拍不是家庭成员或者好朋友的人,你会让对方感到不舒服。
(3) 到伦敦人家里参加宴会时脱掉鞋子,女主人会认为你不文明,但去亚洲、夏威夷或太平洋群岛的居民家中不脱鞋却被认为失礼。
(4) 许多文化依然推崇传统的进食方式——用手吃。在这种情况下,食物往往是众人一起分享的,因此饭前洗手很重要,而且要遵守用右手吃东西的习俗,左手往往有其他用途。
(5) 你是左撇子吗？还是努力让自己的双手都灵巧吧——在这些文化里,即使是左撇子的孩子也被教会用右手吃饭——或者至少吃饭前向同伴解释一下。
Text B Understanding Interpersonal Relationships in the Chinese Context
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) transgression(2) wicket(3) disconcerting(4) infringement(5) avid
(6) episode(7) ubiquitous(8) substantiate(9) intelligible(10) prerequisite
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) will differ; as universal as
(2) sprouting a few whiskers
(3) than it does for Canadians
(4) was accustomed to
(5) a transgressor
(6) of birth; periods of time
(7) economic freedom; in perception; connotes
(8) be matters; compose a list
(9) desertification; rising ocean levels; put great strain on
(10) less challenging; opting for; deprive ourselves of
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) T(5) F(6) F(7) F(8) T(9) T(10) T
Unit 4 Artificial Intelligence
Text A The Future of Artificial Intelligence
→III. Keys to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) A
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general, eliminate drudgery from our lives
(2) the computerbased artificial brain is still well below the level of
sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot
(3) the same kind of perception, cognition and thought as humans
(4) generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circumstances
(5) become quite formidable and will outperform human beings in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) attest(2) disoriented(3) elusive(4) negate(5) progeny
(6) outstrip(7) versatile(8) meld(9) contingency(10) mainstay
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) A(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) D(8) D(9) B(10) B
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) cover(2) battlefield(3) deployed(4) initiating(5) aerial
(6) problematic(7) arise(8) mindful(9) vital(10) goes
(11) robotics(12) provided(13) collection(14) ethical(15) endowed
(16) traits(17) expression(18) dumb(19) guidelines(20) stupid
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality; this is because man’s cognition is limited by numerous social conditions.
(2) Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking out.
(3) Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of man’s thinking mode.
(4) From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins
and insinuate himself into upperclass society.
(5) It’s a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me any attention.
(6) The invention of microprocessors set the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer—an affordable machine for the masses.
(7) So there’s no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times.
(8) Taiwan , viewed from the historical facts and the international law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinese sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Sales of professional and personal service robots worldwide were estimated to have reached about 5.5 million this year—and are expected to more than double to 11.5 million by 2011—yet there is little or no control over how these machines are used. Some help busy professionals entertain children; other machines feed and bathe the elderly and incapacitated. “We need to look at guidelines for a cutoff so we have a limit to the contact with robots” one expert said. “Some robots designed to look after children with them for hours, or even days. At the other end of the age spectrum to child care, the relative increase in many countries
in the population of the elderly relative to available younger carespurred the development of elder
care robots.”
givers has
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
计算的能力当然与生存无关,然而随着语言改变了人类的文化,至少是我们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西。这个机器的一个特点就是它能服从一系列随意的指令,而这些指令可以通过语言进行传递并得以执行。但是由于我们把数字看成是复杂的东西,将它们写下来并用以完成其它类似的功能,所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙,并且效率不高。我们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算通过上百个计算机,尤其是那些经过重新设置用于计算的计算机,可以在几毫秒就完成。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 但它们并不是用高出一筹的逻辑和力量统治人类,而是有可能导致一个与他人完全隔绝的底层人群的产生。
(2) 机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能导致(被服务者)与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津。
(3) 许多机器人被设计成玩具,但它们也能扮演照看孩子的角色: 监督孩子的一举一动,通过无线电脑连接或移动电话与另一个房间甚至另一座建筑物内的家长联络。
(4) 但是由于机器人保姆能在身体上保护孩子的安全,可能会造成孩子一天数小时或者几天都不与人接触,同时不同程度的与社会隔绝对孩子成长可能造成的心理影响目前还不清楚。
(5) 护理老年人的机器人能帮助老年人在自己家中自理,但它们的存在可能会使老年人完全处于机器人照顾之下,从而面临缺乏足够的与人交流机会的危险。
Text B Revenge of the Nerds
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) in full swing(2) awestruck(3) imminent(4) daunting(5) affable
(6) relish(7) omniscience(8) outlandish(9) alien(10) harness
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) the Silicon Valley dollar
(2) the transformative moment
(3) “the world’s first cyborg”
(4) current singularitarianinchief, inventor Ray Kurzweil
(5) genetics, nanotechnology and robotics
(6) The sense of imminence and immediacy
(7) not just language but complex abstractions
(8) anything being dangerous or sentient
(9) people were scared of these machines
(10) cryonic suspension
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) T(9) T(10) F
Unit 5 Success and Happiness
Text A The Assessor of Success (adapted)
→III. Keys to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) A(2) C(3) C(4) B(5) C
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) arrange benches in all parks that are low enough for women to sit upon, and rest their feet upon the ground
(2) hung for ten minutes above a roulette wheel gambling and only 40 cents left in his pocket at last
(3) only gave 15 cents to the druggist, put the rest 85 cents in his own pocket and the child went home happily with the sticky candy in hand, never knowing being cheated
(4) greenhorns, could be easily cheated
(5) one of his female schoolmates, was quite innocent and pure compared to the now Morley
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) swindle(2) stolid(3) errand(4) solitary(5) saunter
(6) pompous(7) cynical(8) purport(9) accrue(10) predatory
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) A(2) B(3) C(4) B(5)A(6) A(7) D(8) C(9) B(10) D
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) unearth(2) observers(3) avoided(4) dodged(5) fascinated
(6) imprisonment(7) accomplished(8) convicted(9) headquarters(10) twist
(11) optimistic(12) deal(13) narration(14) catching(15) roaming
(16) turn(17) inimitable(18) resides(19) complex(20) painstakingly
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) People’s money must be spent to advance their priorities, not to line pockets of contractors or to maintain projects that don’t work.
(2) Zurich residents, more than anyone in the world, earn $22. 60 per hour in average net pay, according to the Prices and Earnings report recently released by UBS.
(3) Though she isn’t British by birth, she’s British citizen by virtue of her marriage to an Englishman.
(4) Despite the blood gushing out from the wound, the heroic soldier succeeded in getting the mother and the son out of the bus which might explode at that moment.
(5) He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, illdusty face veiling his age.
fitting suit, never moving, his
(6) While most bars and restaurants have addresses, Beirut is a maze of twisting side streets, many of them unmarked.
(7) Behind the carriage came a motley string of figures—street Arabs, beggars, clowns turning somersaults and street vendors hawking their wares.
(8) But at my back I always hear time’s winged chariot hurrying near; and
yonder, all before us lie deserts of vast eternity.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Edison understood a great principle of living almost any situation—good or bad—is affected by the attitude we bring to it. Toughapproach problems with a can
minded optimists
do philosophy and emerge stronger form
tragedies. Indeed, recent studies suggest that upbeat people earn more money, do better in school, are healthier and perhaps even live longer than pessimists. In his book Man’s Search for Meaning, Dr. Viktor Franklrecalled even in that extreme situation there were “men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread. They may have been few in number, but they offer proof that everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the freedom to choose his attitude in any given set of circumstances.”
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
黑斯廷斯•比彻姆•莫利衣着讲究、整洁体面,那全倚赖于他的出身与教养。既然我们只能看到他衬衣前襟的衣浆,不好再探头深究里面包裹的胸膛,那就还是谈论一下他这一路上的活动和他与别人的对话来试图了解他吧。莫利兜里一分钱也没有;可他仍冲着那百余个肮脏的可怜人怜悯地微笑。他们一个子儿不比他多;就算太阳的第一道光芒映红了广场西边那座高高的裁纸大楼,他们还是不名一文。不过到那时莫利就有钱了。太阳下山时他口袋空空;但太阳升起时他将是钵满盆盈。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 在过去的六年里,我通过讨论会、讲习班和个别指导的形式培训指导企业家,从中总结出有助于人们获得他们应该获得的成功的一些主要原则。
(2) 学会宽恕、既往不咎是基本的原则。很多人将他们的过去拖入他们现在的生活中,致使他们对未来不能有一个明朗的预期。
(3) 成功是一个过程,不是一次付清的报偿。你可以在成功之旅的入口交上十元钱,但你很快就会发现根本没有什么捷径可走。你永远不可能完全掌控自己生活中的每一个细节。
(4) 所谓“行动计划”,我所说的是将你的目标落实到纸上,让它们看得见,变得触手可及,如此来监控你的工作进展。另外,你也必须要非常精确清晰地确立自己成功之旅的目标。
(5) 当你坚持不懈地采取行动、既往不咎、对自己有信心,并不断加强自我的内在审视时,你就行进在了通向成功的路途中。
Text B Why We’re Happy
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) chanced upon(2) over the long haul(3) conducive(4) scoff(5) chronic
(6) endow(7) hover(8) pundit(9) secular(10) grill
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) its citizens can best pursue happiness
(2) life, liberty and happiness
(3) better citizens
(4) public policies and his own values
(5) assess the good and bad in our lives
(6) negative workplace environments
(7) values and practices
(8) 23 percent of secularists
(9) an overall lifestyle of happiness
(10) a lack of constraints on behavior
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) F(2) F(3) T(4) T(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) T
Unit 6
Urban Life
Text A How the City Hurts Your Brain, and What You Can Do about It
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) C(2) A(3) B(4) B(5) C
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) the city has always been an engine of intellectual life; it is not easy to live in the city because it spreads terrible diseases and is far away from nature with considerable pressures
(2) it forces our brain to take energy and effort to monitor every potential threat on the busy and noisy streets and constantly redirects our attention, which exploits one of the crucial weak spots of the brain
(3) natural settings are full of objects that automatically capture our attention without triggering a negative emotional response and thus our brain which directs attention can relax deeply and replenish itself
(4) the brain is assaulted with temptations and resisting these temptations requires the brain to use the part of it that is responsible for directed attention, which means that it’s already been exhausted by walking around the city and then will fail to exert self
control
(5) they are the centers of social activities that largely lead to urban creativity as strangers interact with each other in unpredictable ways
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) overlooking(2) migrations(3) thoroughfare(4) layout(5) hectic
(6) wellspring(7) corollary(8) undiluted(9) myriad(10) vibrant
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) B(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) C(6) D(7) A(8) A(9) B(10) D
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) control(2) otherwise(3) revenue(4) neighboring(5) announced
(6) crossroads(7) taking(8) imposing(9) maximize(10) prosperity
(11) rather(12) though(13) accomplish(14) making(15) pave
(16) gradually(17) sparing(18) Under(19) instead(20) lower
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) There are a lot more wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Beijing, a dynamic modern metropolis with 3,000 years of cultural and historical treasures woven into the urban prosperity.
(2) He is such an enthusiastic football fan that he tends to hold forth on his favorite team whenever it is mentioned.
(3) The educational system has to be able to outfit the young generation with
necessary knowledge, attitudes and values that would ensure they are in time for the new age in which there might be no jobs but only opportunities.
(4) The anxious mother searched high and low for her missing son, only to find him sleeping sound in the mess of toys in his own bedroom.
(5) In order to find better detection and treatment, the hospital will actively cooperate with a local research institute to look for genetic markers that correlate with this chronic disease.
(6) The accounting system of an enterprise consists of the methods, procedures, and devices used by an economic entity to keep track of its financial activities and to summarize these activities.
(7) When she graduated from college, Cindy decided to go back to work in the orphanage where she had been brought up, because her heart was overstuffed with gratitude and warmth for those who had generously helped her in her growth and she wanted to be like them also to give help to the kids who had lost their parents.
(8) NASA planned to splurge on the feasibility of the project of sending astronauts to Mars and having them settle down on it.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Expo 2010 Shanghai is the first Expo held by a developing country, the first held in the downtown area of a mega
city, and it was held under the shadow of
the international financial crisis. This is a severe test to China and Shanghai . Over the past eight years, we mobilized resources throughout the country and pooled the wisdom of the world in the preparation for the Expo. The people of Shanghai , in particular, made selfless contributions and the International Exhibitions Bureau and host countries of past Expos provided valuable guidance. The success of the Expo could not have been possible without the tireless efforts of many people, including the organizers, construction workers, staff members, visitors and volunteers. It is theirsincerity, wisdom and hard work that have rendered splendor to the Expo. On behalf of the Chinese government, I wish to express heartfelt gratitude and pay high tribute to all the comrades and friends who have participated in, supported and contributed to the Shanghai Expo.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
然而,这些大草原式的公园实际上对大脑并无多少益处。在最近发表的一篇论文中,昆士兰大学生态学家理查德•富勒发现,绿色空间的心理效益与植物种类的多样性密切相关。如果一个城市公园中树木的品种较多,则在这里呆过的受试者在各种心理健康测试中的得分都较高,至少与其在生物多样性较少的公园呆过后相比是这样。“我们非常担忧城市化对于其他物种的影响,”富勒说。“但是我们人类也受到了影响。绿色空间能让我们放松、休息,这就是对其进行投资的重要原因。”
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 二月份在位于东69号大街附近风景如画的公园人行道上,一棵美国榆树的树干断落,造成一名46岁的布鲁克林男子死亡,其原因是厚重的积雪使之不堪重负。
(2) “除非把城市中的每一棵树都砍倒,否则无法保证树干脱落的情况不会发生,”市长在新闻发布会上说道。
(3) 为了减少意外事故的危险,位于中央公园的25000棵树木受到定期检查、修剪——这一任务落在了“中央公园保护组织”身上,这是一个私人的非营利性组织,承担公园大部分的日常维护、经营和预算任务。
(4) 纽约市五百二十万棵树木的其它部分由城市公园管理部负责维护,该部门2009年处理了8500个有关危险树枝的报告,伐除已死亡或存在潜在危险的树干、树枝。
(5) 布鲁伯格2007年宣布,作为改善公共卫生及环境方案的一部分,未来十年还要在纽约再种植一百万棵树木,因此这些数字还有可能增长。
Text B The New Age Cavemen and the City
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) indisputable(2) are replicated(3) communal(4) solitary(5) aspiring
(6) misdemeanor(7) intermittently(8) jaunty(9) indigenous(10) hardcore
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) spook a female guest
(2) that were unavailable
(3) sprinting and jumping
(4) allaround physically fit men
(5) a reference standard
(6) a challenging environment
(7) “huntergatherer”
(8) various hardships
(9) scowled at a tomato plant
(10) a regain of the fortitude
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) F(2) F(3) F(4) T(5) T(6) F(7) F(8) T(9) T(10) T
Unit 7
Mass Media
Text A A TV Critic in the PostTV World
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) B(2) C(3) B(4) A(5) A
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) downloading TV to avoid ads, Netflixing series to watch them in one big marathon, enjoying the convenience or portability, cutting the cable or satellite bills to save money in hard times, using online video as a backup
(2) you experienced a broadcast exactly when and how millions of others did:
you did it at home, with friends or family, in front of a stationary machine in a dedicated room, preferably with snack chips; TV broadcasts have become raw material to be organized and edited in a collective online canon for you to view online whenever and wherever
(3) five to seven minutes seem to be the sweet spot for a webisode, if a video doesn’t grab him immediately, he kills it; if a show does engage him, the connection is deeper because he will focus on it physically and mentally
(4) finding a show online is more like rummaging through a newandused
bookstore; like reading, viewing online TV is solitary because you don’t gather the family around you; when viewing online TV, you hold a screen in your hand, balance a laptop or sit at a desk. Like holding a book while reading, there’s a small but constant effort, the tiniest bit of physical feedback
(5) the differences between big screen and tiny screen; whether the story shown on the screen can be good enough to touch his emotion and to linger and replay inside his head
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) piracy(2) budget(3) whir(4) animation(5) stationary
(6) tactile(7) faucet(8) lush(9) rummage(10) premiere
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) B
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) where(2) with(3) multitude(4) promote(5) possible
(6) without(7) become(8) notorious(9) Only(10) consisted
(11) primarily(12) multiple(13) increasingly(14) focus(15) dominated
(16) as(17) controversial(18) While(19) influence(20) perspectives
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Now people in Tibet are highly conscious of the importance of protecting wild animals, and the once rampant hunting of Tibetan antelopes has been brought under control.
(2) The journalist had been traveling a lot lately—to Iceland to interview the famous actress there; to Hollywood for the Oscars—but he was stingy with details.
(3) We should adhere to the policy of expanding domestic demand, continue to implement the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, and ensure a double
pull effect on economic growth from both consumption demand and
investment demand.
(4) The employees of the Human Resource Department have to sift through very carefully the application forms that just came in this morning to separate the wheat from the chaff.
(5) Making its debut in 1994, Friends and its cast of easycaught on with viewers looking for an escape from the fast
going single people paced 1990s.
(6) On the new Pocket PCs, the interface looks more like Palm’s, complete with larger icons and fewer pull
down menus.
(7) Over the next five years, he continued to evolve his own unique musical style—a style that would become the template for a whole new musical genre.
(8) What I love most is to arrive in a place I have never been before and immerse myself in a new culture and environment—to experience first
hand
what I thought I knew, but which turns out to be much more interesting and surprising once you are there.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Journalists and TV people, we know, are supposed to record what goes on; but in trying to get the best record they can, they may sometimes seem amazingly cold
blooded. Some of the seediest of journalists, whether we’re talking about
the Middle East or Northern Ireland, are those who pile one set of adjectives like squalid, butchering, oppressive for terrorism of whose aims they disapprove, and quite another set like committed or dedicated for the same thing done by those they like. But that is far from the whole problem. People complain journalists not because that they behave badly in the course of duty, but for their inability torecoil into a human being when it’s over.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
像阅读一样,在线看电视是一项较为孤独的活动。你不会把家人聚集在你的麦金塔电脑跟前看“超级碗”的比赛。然而在某些方面在线看电视又更具社会交往性。由于没有网络电视收视指南可依靠——虽然一些刚起步的公司,如eGuiders.com,正在朝这个方向努力——因此你的社会关系就成为了你的电视指南。那种促使人们定期收看电视节目的社交互
动性,凭借手中的笔记本电脑,甚至会变得更加直接密切。当我收看《迷失》的时候,总是会急于在博客上发帖——一方面是想发表自己的看法,但更多是想看到别人“灌”的评论,想了解他们的看法。节目播完了,可好戏才刚刚上演。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 据说,PowerPoint正在将语篇简化为点句。搜索引擎则降低了我们的智力,使我们只是浮光掠影般地接受知识而非追求知识的深度。
(2) 20世纪50年代,当漫画连环册被指责将青少年变成不良分子时,当时的犯罪率却降到了历史最低。同样,与20世纪90年代对电视游戏的讨伐相伴随的是美国犯罪率的大幅下降。
(3) 我们不妨以科学的发展状况来进行验证,因为科学要求高水平的脑力劳动,是否有新发现是其明确的衡量标准。如今,科学家们已经变得离不开电子邮件,几乎不用纸张,没有PowerPoint就没法讲课。
(4) 就像原始人认为吃猛兽会使他们变得凶猛,媒体批评家们设想,观看快速剪辑的摇滚视频会把你的精神生活变成快速剪切,而阅读点句和Twitter上的帖子会使你的思想简化为要点和微博。
(5) 人们并非自然而然就可获得深刻思考、彻底调查和严格论证这样的习惯。这些习惯必须到我们称为“大学”的特殊机构习得,必须通过我们所谓“分析、批判和辩论”的不断锤炼来维持。
Text B What is Mass Media
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) mediation(2) bestow(3) deceptively(4) censorship(5) cater to
(6) elite(7) prevalent(8) coincide with(9) imperative(10) consensus
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) purpose, scope, cultural context
(2) facts and interpretation of facts
(3) newspapers, radio, computer
(4) deciding what to report
(5) crime, disaster, conflict
(6) hoist their placards, start chanting
(7) tight budgets and fierce competition
(8) exerts control over the media
(9) Technological advances
(10) stabilizing and civilizing
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) F(2) T(3) F(4) F(5) T(6) T(7) F(8) F(9) F(10) F
Unit 8
New Applications
of Waste Materials
Text A Not Just for Tree Huggers
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) B(2) C(3)A(4) B(5) C
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) work as an environmentalscience teacher in Asheville, N.C; his love for
old houses fell together with his love for the environment
(2) it’s a broad concept with several components
(3) using oldfoam insulation
school materials that have been slow to catch on; sprayon
(4) generates a home’s electricity from the sun; uses pipes to send water underground; the heat stored by the earth’s subsurface is converted into energy to heat and cool the home
(5) aren’t really environmentally friendly; torched a neighborhood of newly built trophy homes outside Seattle last week, leaving signs saying BUILT GREEN NOPE BLACK
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) renovate(2) sustainable(3) predominant(4) mortgages(5) appliances
(6) allure(7) opt for(8) geothermal(9) yardsticks(10) moribund
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) B(2) C(3) D(4) C(5) A(6) B(7) D(8) A(9) C(10)B
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) when(2) who(3) outside(4) off(5) together
(6) even(7) because(8) how(9) including(10) purchased
(11) which(12) save(13) like(14) where(15) out
(16) with(17) through(18) recycling(19) what(20) toward
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) As the sustainable development of our country has quickened its step, new problems have also arisen, and being a part of the sustainable development,
recycling economy creates a new way for solid waste disposal.
(2) The automobiles that run on gasoline cannot use methanol as a fuel, so their engines would require major changes.
(3) You can forget about having a hard disk or a floppy disk; and worry not about software, hardware and other things down the line, because whatever you need is determined and programmed from a central server.
(4) He would have to lay off several paid campaign staff and may consider accepting public funding, which comes with tight spending limits.
(5) The buzz of excitement and apparent confusion went through the crowded assembly hall, which were so great that what the chairman addressed was not clear. Therefore, now, it is difficult to tally up the for and against.
(6) You should aim for 30 minutes of exercise, walking or running daily in that it is a great stress buster to make you healthier and improve your mood.
(7) We must preserve our natural resources. At the same time, great efforts will be made to popularize the renewable energy including solar, geothermal and wind energy.
(8) When he found his exwife, he was presented with a fait accompli—she
had already married to an Englishman, so I felt kind of depressed for him.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Soiled plastic bags are being transformed into highend fashion accessories
and handy household goods under a bold recycling scheme in the Indian capital. Aside from haute couture women’s handbags, the project, being driven by the Conserve nongovernmental environmental group, is churning out file folders, shoe
racks, storage boxes, table mats and coasters. Launched in 1988, the NGO
focused on projects such as recycling household waste into compost before moving into recycling plastics about two years ago. The recycling process beginswith rag pickers, who collect plastic bags from the 600 tons of waste produced daily by Delhi ’s 14 million population. When enough bags have been collected, they have to be cleaned. The bags are then sorted according to their colors, prints and thicknesses. The next step is feeding them into a machine which fuses them into colorful plastic sheets of varying thicknesses. The sheets are made into the various products, the most popular of which are file covers.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
如果说建造绿色住宅有什么负效应的话,那就是越来越多的绿色房屋主人可能会炫耀设施的投资费用低,就像打高尔夫球的人夸耀自己得了低分。但是对于建筑商罗伯•穆迪来说,无论人们出于何种动机渴望建得较好的房屋,他都不会抱怨。上周,在新奥尔良他参与了美国广播公司电视台主办的关于保护地球的家装真人秀节目“头换面: 家庭改造”。他说: “知道这样可以节省财力,可以保护环境,他们喜欢这种证章。”绿色住宅或许不能激起建筑
行业的复苏,但是在一个能源紧缺问题还没有解决的世界,他们无疑是有利无害的。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 例如,洛克菲勒大学人类环境计划项目主任耶西•奥苏贝尔预测,建筑师们将越来越多地依靠一些新型的泡沫玻璃,它们可以被制造得非常坚固,但很轻很薄。
(2) 并且,目前“无纸传输信息办公室”的梦想已经证明是非常荒谬的,但我们仍然有机会利用电脑来降低对纸张的消耗以及减少造纸所砍伐的树木。
(3) 当那种态度转变为全球性的认识,在第三个千年,人类或许能够回顾他们以前的垃圾产出方式, 把它当作一个人类在青年时期所犯的可以饶恕的错误。
(4) 虽然这些科学家发明了这种新材料,建造了这座单车道桥梁,但他们承认,他们的技术还不能用于交通繁忙的桥梁,比如州际公路系统中的桥梁。不过,他们说作为一种桥梁建筑材料,这种塑料一下子就超出了他们的期望。
(5) 用于建筑的木头通常要用化学药剂进行处理以防驻虫,但许多州因担心污染环境,已禁止使用一些常用的化学药剂。
Text B Going Green
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form
where necessary.
(1) take into account(2) recycling(3) subsidize (4) composted(5) racked
(6) outweigh(7) preeminent(8) compliance(9) disperse(10) wind up
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) the faculty and staff
(2) diverted away from landfill; Strive for Zero Waste
(3) improve its environmental practices
(4) setting printing margins wide; printing doubleoff electrical equipment
sided documents; turning
(5) stay there longer; work harder; learn more
(6) a vehiclesharing arrangement
(7) indoor bicycle enclosures; committing more infrastructure to cars
(8) its disposable packaging costs; reduce and improve their packaging
(9) zero waste; look at the planet
(10) carrying bottled water; compostable cups or reusable containers
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) F(2) F(3) F(4) F(5) T(6) F(7) F(8) T(9) F(10) F
Unit 9
Car Culture
Text A Cars—Paradise Found and Paradise Lost
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) B(2) C(3) C(4) A(5) B
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) individualistic; innovative
(2) send their products to distant markets; the demands of family structure;
social mobility; the outside world; convenient services; family care
(3) unbalanced material and cultural; inequality
(4) the improvement in car design; support from some emerging industries
(5) the influences of consumer culture; radical and economic segregation
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) perpetuate(2) posed(3) Skepticism(4) stereotypical(5) unflinching
(6) Infatuation(7) breadwinner(8) cliché(9) degradation(10) avantgarde
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) B(2) A(3) A(4) D(5) D(6) D(7) B(8) A(9) B(10) D
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) expensive(2) suggested(3) In the face of(4) embodiment (5) unemployed
(6) risen(7) onceabandoned(8) undergoing(9) ultimate(10) deeper
(11) accessible(12) dealt(13) connections(14) localised(15) point out
(16) supermarket(17) question(18) dot(19) isolated(20) afford
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) After thirty years’ experience of reform and openingup, Chinese people
have come to realize that new economy and globalization have become an unavoidable fact and an irreversible trend.
(2) This hearttheir deep
toheart talk between the two countries helped to eliminate
seated misunderstanding, and appropriately solve their trade
win situation.
disputes, thus creating a win
(3) There was such an outcry when the Government put forward its proposals that it was forced to bow before the storm and withdraw them.
(4) These documents reflect the central authorities’ deep understanding of
the important position and ro1e of the population issue and their firm determination to take comprehensive measures to address the population problem.
(5) To better prepare the soil for planting wheat, the farmers had their field churned up by tractors.
(6) Many large companies outsource their Web sites to hosting companies because those companies offer management services, taking care of security, updating software and providing site
monitoring services.
(7) To obtain lasting peace, it is imperative to abandon the cold war mentality, cultivate a new concept of security and seek a new way to safeguard peace.
(8) He had one quite reasonable offer for his used car, but turned it down. Then he could find no taker at all. He learned with a vengeance that a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Although Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten
or twelve
hour day common at the time. In order to
accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts. In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop atechnical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts. The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five
dollar
a
day minimum wage that was offered in
order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
汽车是20世纪最持久的自由象征之一,是现代生活中的佩加索斯,带领人们一头扎入未来的漩涡,也使得人们能够远离生活中的种种烦愁。自从汽车诞生后,艺术家们抑或以它为主题抑或以它为目标,创造和延续一个又一个现代神话。然而,塞翁得马,焉知非祸。飞马佩加索斯在被英雄柏勒罗丰俘获后帮助其完成了一件件伟大的功绩,但当它发现柏勒罗丰自我膨胀后就突然消失得无影无踪。这难道不是对现代人类的一个警示吗——爬得高,跌得狠。同样地,汽车也给人类光明的前程埋下了巨大的隐患。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 哪怕是瞄一眼那制作精美的固特异轮胎,摸一下那流线型的车体,看一眼那一对鼓
出的前灯,都会使我们目瞪口呆,突然感觉到那匹灰色的母马已不再是一匹普通的马了。
(2) 过去的这些年里,我们离闹市中心越来越远,这就意味着我们必须把越来越多,甚至全部的时间耗在上下班的路上。
(3) 我从来没有听说过有人对着干衣机或洗碗机发火,更没听说过有人对着冰箱发火,因为人们知道这些东西是帮我们节省体力的,但汽车不但不帮我们节省体力,还反过来害得我们越来越辛苦。
(4) 人们对汽车的狂热在慢慢地冷却下来,也开始忘却我们所欠汽车的债,但同时,这个尖头的好事之徒却不肯就此放过我们。生活在闹市中心的我们虽然能侥幸一两次躲过它尖头的碰撞,但下一次却不一定能那么快脱身。
(5) 人们又假借安全、控制排放、燃料经济的名义,把那个原本简单精巧的车体变得越来越笨重,以至于到了不可思议的程度。
Text B The Birth of the American Auto Industry
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) show up(2) compete with(3) collided with(4) franchise(5) startling
(6) intent(7) contestant’s(8) lose out(9) humiliate(10) differential
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) fiasco, delayed
(2) horseless carriages
(3) Kohlstaat
(4) team of horses, ditch
(5) covered, unable to
(6) German cars, clear
(7) fatigue and excitement, finish line
(8) electric or steam power
(9) refused to believe
(10) cold, snowy Detroit streets
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) T(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) F(10) F
Unit 10
Famous Persons’
Biographies
Text A Louis Pasteur
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) C(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) A
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) applied science faculty; the practical scientific problems of industry and business
(2) maggots; worms; microscopic animals
(3) next great theoretical advance; germs (harmful microbes) which enter the body and multiply there
(4) hard to understand; having made “the greatest contribution of any one man to the saving of human lives”
(5) the rabies vaccine to be given after the bite had occurred; had been bitten by a rabid animal
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) trials(2) asset(3) faculty(4) circulate(5) gauze
(6) vaccine(7) hamper(8) hemorrhage(9) Undeterred(10) Spurred
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) D(2) A(3) B(4) B(5) C(6) C(7) A(8) B(9) C(10) C
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) were(2) rank(3) solved(4) accepted(5) important
(6) applications(7) possessing(8) ability(9) commented(10) conclusions
(11) experiment(12) satisfied(13) foundation(14) facilitated(15) cause
(16) such as(17) studying(18) found(19) before(20) countless
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) To freeze food fast is a sufficient process to retain natural flavor, nutritional value, or other properties.
(2) Today we love what tomorrow we hate; today we seek what tomorrow we shun; today we desire what tomorrow we fear.
(3) People used to think housework is exhausting, time consuming physical labor, which can improve health or help to shed those excess pounds. However, the truth is not so.
(4) In a cocktail celebration held in honor of Professor Yang, as many as one hundred Chinese visiting scholars and students studying abroad experienced firsthand the charm and graceful bearing of this master of physics in his academic speeches.
(5) The development of current consumption trend of the nation’s residents is oriented primarily towards housing, cars, education, information products, tourism and individualized consumption.
(6) A good show might get 64 percent of the audience paying attention in the TV commercials rather than chatting or making a cup of tea, compared with 20 percent for less involving programming.
(7) We must lay emphasis on the development of production, but consideration must be given to both the development of production and the improvement of the people’s livelihood.
(8) Spending too much time and effort on intricate details early in the design process discourages designers from moving toward a great design.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
Through massive scientific experiments, Pasteur proved that if raw milk was heated above 85℃, its nutritional and biologically active materials would be hugely destroyed. If the temperature was below 85℃, however, those nutritional and biologically active materials would be maintained and most of the harmful bacteria would be killed with some good bacteria left. Such a way of sterilization below 85℃ is called pasteurization. This is the best processing technique for fresh milk. Pasteurized milk has basically the same nutritional value as fresh milk. However, there are still small amount of harmless, heat
persistent bacteria left
after pasteurization. So, pasteurized milk should only be preserved at a temperature of about 4℃, for 310 days.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
古希腊人相信像虫子、老鼠和蛆等这样的小动物能够从无生命的物质(如坏掉的面粉,臭汗衫或腐肉)中自动生长出来。这样一种相信生命物质可以来自无生命物质的想法叫作自然发生。蛆能从腐肉上自然长出这个想法在1668年成功地由意大利生物学家弗朗西斯科•雷迪予以否定。他用纱布覆盖在肉上防止苍蝇在上面产卵,结果肉上没有生蛆。(蛆实际上是苍蝇的卵孵化出的幼虫。)
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 牛奶,一种天然的液体食物,是营养最为完全的食物之一,为我们的饮食提供高质量的蛋白质,脂肪,乳糖,必要的矿物质和维他命。
(2) 此外,在挤奶、运输和储存生奶的时候未能很好地清洁和消毒设备也会令微生物进入牛奶。
(3) 巴氏杀菌法以此过程的发明人路易•巴斯德命名。这是一种温和但精确的加热处理牛奶的方法,可以杀死致病菌并延缓牛奶的变质。
(4) 尽管巴氏杀菌法会破坏牛奶中的许多微生物,杀菌后如不能很好的保存会导致牛奶
的再次污染。
(5) 商业方法通常采用高温短时处理,将牛奶加热至170华氏度(77摄氏度)维持15秒钟然后迅速降温至40华氏度(4摄氏度)以下,在不改变牛奶风味的情况下延长储存期。
Text B Autobiography of John F. Nash
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) suspected(2) comparable(3) circumstance(4) affected by(5) encyclopedia
(6) owe to(7) quantitative(8) exposure(9) deviate(10) sufficient
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) consciously; after birth
(2) affected by; resulting from
(3) available; of educational value
(4) shift into mathematics; make a good career
(5) so much; that
(6) from the family point of view; geographically
(7) personal and social; academic
(8) faculty member; gain status
(9) renounce; revert to
(10) seem improbable; add much to
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) F(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) F(8) F(9) T(10) T
Unit 11
World Cultural
Heritage
Text A Heaps of History
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) B
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) introduce the present situation of historic heritage sites and the future preservation of cultural heritage in India
(2) what used to be a brick tomb fusing Persian and Mughal styles that somehow contributed to the design of the famous Taj Mahal a century later, now is changed into a toilet
(3) the most famous heritage such as the Taj Mahal, Hampi, the Sikh Golden temple, the fig tree at Bodhgaya, etc
(4) financial difficulties, pollution from the nearby cities, local people’s unawareness, conflicts between religious groups, lacks of manpower and government’s failure to implementing responsibility and low efficiency, etc
(5) the government has realized the urgency and importance of protecting historic heritage and is determined to take measures, pass laws and make policies; conservationists, such as Nalini Thakur and her followers, are devoted to making
their contributions
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) tilting(2) concourse(3) swarm(4) afterthought(5) evict
(6) artifact(7) grandiose(8) orchard(9) executed(10) mural
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) D(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) D(6) A(7) C(8) B(9) D(10) C
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) tombs(2) approximately(3) that(4) next(5) respectively
(6) various(7) connecting(8) to(9) complex(10) construction
(11) spectacular(12) took(13) start(14) down(15) transported
(16) argue(17) by(18) used(19) labor(20) lend
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Investigators questioned everyone on the plane and carefully examined the small incendiary device, during which they found no evidence of the explosion of the bomb.
(2) Suzhou is famous for its incomparably exquisite gardens, and Hangzhou for its fascinating scenery around the West Lake .
(3) When they excavated the mysterious ancient tomb, the archaeologists were distressed to see the historic site of civilization, which was built over 2000 years ago, being eaten away by the underground moisture.
(4) When fear overcomes our minds, it begins to seep into our actions.
(5) Each time a city building is erected, the green grass in that spot and trees that once reached up to the sky are replaced by a swath of tar roof.
(6) We have to import vast quantities of raw materials before we can convert them into exports and ship them out again.
(7) The state makes great efforts to support the ethnic minority regions in developing education, and has set aside special subsidies and funds for this purpose.
(8) When your computer is linked to one of these machines, the virus will encroach on your hard disk and search whether the accounting software is installed.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
With economic globalization and the accelerating pace of social modernization, China ’s intangible cultural heritage has encountered a very serious situation with many emerging problems in its survival, protection and development. The problems are mainly as follows: firstly, the whole society has not yet achieved full comprehension of the importance of intangible cultural heritage protection, the intangible cultural heritage is left without scientific protection, and large
scale development and construction have exacerbated the damage and
destruction of cultural resources; secondly, due to rapid deterioration of surviving environment, intangible cultural heritage can merely exist in unique time and space, and the various cultural andartistic heritage, skills, folk customs which have been passed on by the mouth
and
heart method, are constantly disappearing,
and some unique languages and characters, as the carrier of traditional cultures, are perishing; thirdly, a lot of outstanding intangible cultural heritage is faced with the danger of dying out since successors are unavailable when skillful people die and their arts and skills fade away; lastly, a huge amount of physical material
hardly has access to proper protection, the loss of which remains very serious.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
即使是在经历了几十年的失望之后,塔库尔仍然还保留着这种紧迫感和愤怒,这不得不让人感到意外。在带领她最近教的一班学生出行到德里附近的古尔冈南部的郊区时,她让大家参观了清真寺、洗澡堂、莫卧儿王朝最后一位皇帝的果园,还有被居住于此的英国爵士托马斯•梅特卡夫改造成了凉亭和阶梯状花园的一座陵墓。“哦,天哪！哦,天哪！”当看到一处又一处的古迹遭到人为改造破坏时,她嘴里不停地轻声念叨着。“我们已经失去了这么多,”她哀叹着。但是,像以往一样,塔库尔决心继续战斗。“对文物保护者来说,这是一个重要的时机,”她坚持道。“有这么多工作等着我们去做,而且这种工作非常重要。”但愿他们取得成功！
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 这个详细目录即《预备名单》,它列出某签约国预计在未来五到十年欲获题名的文化遗产名录,该名单可随时更新。
(2) 世界遗产中心为签约国提供咨询服务,协助其准备尽可能详尽的文件,以确保文件中包括必要的证明和地图等资料。
(3) 第三顾问机构是文化遗产保护与修复研究国际中心,这是一个政府间组织,为世界遗产委员会就文化遗址保护及培训活动提供专家咨询建议。
(4) 一旦某一文化遗产受到推荐并被评估,将由政府间遗产委员会最终做出是否对其提名的决定。该委员会每年召开一次例会,决定哪些文化遗产将位列《世界遗产名录》。
(5) 这些标准的解释列于《世界遗产公约实施操作指南》之中,除公约全文外,该指南还包括其保护世界遗产的主要工作机制。
Text B Terracotta Army
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) were riddled with(2) depict(3) excavate(4) impromptu(5) auspicious
(6) intact(7) intricate(8) mundane(9) monumental(10) undertaking
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) a collection of terracotta sculptures; a local farmer
(2) “two households”; watch over the tomb
(3) terracotta figures; fragments
(4) funerary; “Qin’s Armies”
(5) the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; discard
(6) palaces, scenic towers, officials, valuable utensils; mercury
(7) take photos and video recordings; walk through
(8) the heads, arms, legs and torsos; assembled the parts
(9) the creation of the army; skill
(10) spectacular; command this monumental undertaking
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) F(2) T(3) T(4) F(5) T(6) T(7) T(8) F(9) F(10) T
Unit 12 Wisdom and Beliefs
Text A Ponds
→III. Key to the Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.
(1) A(2) C(3) C(4) B(5) A
b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.
(1) partakes of the color of both; it reflects the color of the sky; but near at hand it is of a yellowish tint next the shore where you can see the sand; which gradually deepens to a uniform dark green in the body of the pond
(2) at a little distance of a darker blue than the sky itself; watered or changeable silks and sword blades suggest, more cerulean than the sky itself, alternating with the original dark green on the opposite sides of the waves, which last appeared but muddy in comparison
(3) the body of the bather appears of an alabaster whiteness, still more unnatural, which, as the limbs are magnified and distorted withal, produces a monstrous effect, making fit studies for a Michael Angelo; the bottom can easily be discerned at the depth of twenty
five or thirty feet
(4) that they, just like perch and shiners, must be ascetic fish that find a subsistence there
(5) the author detected a narrow shelflike path in the steep hillside
alternately rising and falling, approaching and receding from the water’s edge, worn by the feet of aboriginal hunters, and still from time to time unwittingly trodden by the present occupants of the land
2. Vocabulary
a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.
(1) vitreous(2) suffice(3) sediment(4) Westerly(5) breaking up
(6) subsistence(7) nymphs(8) celestial(9) trodden(10) partake of
b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.
(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) A(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) A(9) B(10) C
3. Cloze
Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.
(1) worse(2) what(3) Yes(4) high(5) right
(6) while(7) even(8) But(9) where(10) good
(11) This(12) dry(13) gone(14) Looking back(15) Worse
(16) hope(17) right(18) floods(19) only(20) Although
4. Translation
a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) While humans can easily distinguish between myriads of object behaviors from birds taking flight to boats gliding on the surface of the water based on their experience, computers have to work hard to understand these activities.
(2) But, in the longer term, a melting of snow and ice in the North Pole might allow more southerly spider species to march northwards.
(3) I can’t fathom out her intentions,and they’re a mystery to me—she says one thing then does another.
(4) So we saunter toward the Holy Land , till one day the sun shall shine more brightly than ever he has done, shall perchance shine into our minds and hearts, and light up our whole lives with a great awakening light, as warm and serene and golden as on a bankside in autumn.
(5) Investigators searched around the crashed plane for the black box flight recorder, and they found the real reasons for the crash after scrutinies.
(6) The tiger is a large carnivorous feline mammal living in Asia , having a tawny coat with transverse black stripes.
(7) Many people are being forced into job changes due to economic crisis. But for those still employed and managing their careers, there’s a perennial question: How often should you change jobs?
(8) The visitors broke into exclamations of wonder when they saw the magnificent Great Wall. The grandeur of the Great Wall is unmatched.
2) Translate the following paragraph into English.
The world, the living world, is a subject much to be thought about, sometimes too much. Can we not leave alone the problem of immortality, which is the proper subject and precinct of the dead? They are dead in our sense, and if they are not dead, they will be in a better position to discuss what they know; we know necessarily so little about it until we cross the frontier. I hope they have better luck with their subject than we do with ours. Emerson noted in his Journals, “The blazing evidence of immortality is our dissatisfaction with any other solution”—a much quoted line. It may well stand; the evidence is of a negative character and appeals to a kind of subjective compulsion within our minds. But its chief merit is literary, consisting in the use of the adjective “blazing “;otherwise it would not be so much quoted.
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
瓦尔登的风景是卑微的,虽然很美,却并不宏伟,不常去游玩的人,不住在它岸边的人未必能被它吸引住: 但是这个湖以深邃和清澈著称,值得给予突出的描写。这是一个明亮的深绿色的湖,半英里长,圆周约 一英里 又四分之三,面积约 六十一英亩 半;它位于松树和橡树林中央，岁月悠久,除了雨和蒸发之外,还没有别的来龙去脉可寻。四周的山峰突然地从水上升起,到四十至八十英尺的高度,但在东南面高到 一百英尺,而东边更高到 一百五十英尺,其距离湖岸,不过四分之一英里及三分之一英里。
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1) 人的自身: 即在最广泛意义上属于人的个性的东西。因此,它包括人的健康、力量、外貌、气质、道德品质、精神智力及其潜在发展。
(2) 人向其他人所显示的样子。这可以理解为: 人在其他人眼中所呈现的样子。,或者更严格地说是人们对他的看法。
(3) 人与人之间在第一项的差别是大自然确实下来的,由此可推断: 这些差别比起第二、三项的差别对于造成人们的幸福抑或不幸福会产生更加根本和彻底的影响——因为后两项内容的差别只是出自人为的划分。
(4) 每个人生活于何样的世界首先取决于这个人对这个世界的理解,这个世界因为个人头脑和精神的差异而相应不同。因此,每个人的世界是贫瘠的、浅薄的和肤浅的，抑或是丰富多彩、趣味盎然和充满意义的——这视个人的头脑而定。
(5) 这种情形尤其明显见之于歌德和拜伦创作的、明显取材于真实事件的许多诗篇。
呆笨的读者会羡慕诗人能有那些其乐无穷的经历,而不是羡慕诗人所具有的伟大的想象力——这种想象力足以化平凡无奇为伟大和优美。
Text B Metaphysics
Key to the Exercises
a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
(1) utilitarian(2) apt(3) constitution(4) be marked off
(5) recreation(6) geometer(7) secure(8) commensurable
(9) diagonal(10) subordinate, subordinate
b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
(1) seeing to everything else
(2) By nature; and from sensation
(3) appearances and memories; art and reasonings
(4) them; knowing the causes
(5) useful in the inventions; wise and superior
(6) recreation; the necessities of life
(7) the first causes; the principles of things
(8) difficult; teaching the causes
(9) Wisdom; is composed of wonders
(10) the nature of the science
c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.
(1) T(2) F(3) F(4) T(5) F(6) T(7) F(8) T(9) T(10) T
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