专业英语四级模拟试卷549(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级模拟试卷549 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITING

PART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute

1．

正确答案： Varying Talking Speed Adds Meaning Being able to speak quickly creates interest in what you’re trying to say. President Reagan often spoke at only eighty to one hundred words per minute, but he was listened to. So speed is not all there is to consider. But there are more changes in tone, variety of facial expression and believability about people who vary their speaking speed. Faster talking communicates interest and excitement while slower talking emphasises a point, showing that you’re taking the time to be careful and precise. Being able to talk at two hundred words per minute does not mean that you must talk at that speed, but it does allow you to when you want to. If you do then the people you’re talking with may too! Native speakers of a language can use longer sentences with more complex vocabulary and precise word use when they speak slowly and tend towards short, basic vocabulary, simple grammar and present tense when they speak faster.

PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN)Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.

SECTION A CONVERSATIONSDirections: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文：W: Stan, do you have a minute?M: Oh, hi, Cathy, sure. What’s up?W: Well, I’ve been meaning to talk to you about the situation in the office.M: I’m not in that very often. It’s so noisy that I can’t work.W: That’s exactly what I’m getting at. We’re supposed to be able to do our preparation and marking in that office. But have you notice? Jack constantly has students coming in to get help with his course. A lot of people are going in and out.M: Has anybody spoken to him about it?W: No, not yet.

But someone’s going to have to.M: We can’t really ask him to stop having students come in for help, can we?W: No, of course not. But I’m not able to do my work and neither are you. I imagine it’s the same for the others in the office.M: Hum, could we ask for a kind of meeting room? When TAs have to talk with the students, they could go to the meeting room and not use the office. You know, there’s a room down the hall; a rather small room that we could ask to use. It’s only for storing supplies.W: You mean that little storage room? Oh, that would be too small.M: Are you sure? With the cabinets taken out, it might be bigger than it looks.W: Come to think of it, you maybe on to something. I’d like to have a look at that room. Can we go there now?M: Sure, let’s go.

2． What problem at the office are Cathy and Stan discussing? A．There aren’t enough cabinets. B．There is too much noise.

C．Office supplies are taking up space.

D．Some teaching assistants don’t have desks.

正确答案：B

3． Why do Jack’s students come to see him? A．To chat with Jack socially. B．To get help in the course. C．To hand in their assignments. D．To practice giving interviews.

正确答案：B

4． What does Cathy say about Stan’s suggestion? A．They’d have to get permission. B．Jack wouldn’t like it. C．She thinks it might work.

D．The other assistants should be consulted.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M: Hello. How can I help you?W: I’d like to rent a car for some time.M: We rent many different brands, types, and sizes. Do you have a preference?W: Yes. Do you have any GM Buicks?M: Yes. How about a red one?W: Let me see.M: As a matter of fact, we have two left. Both are red 2003’s.W: Great! What is the per day charge, and does that include mileage?M: The charge is $ 67. 5 per day plus sales tax and there is no mileage charge for the first 500 miles. After that the charge is 9 cents per mile. Do you have auto insurance?W: Yes.M: Please be sure to fill in all asked-for information regarding your insurance coverage.W: What if I’m in an accident? Is the car insured?M: Yes, it is insured. The details are on the back of the rental contract. Please read it first, and then I’ll answer any question you may have.W:

Here is 140 bucks.M: Here is the key. The car’s over there. Remember to be back by 12 midnight to avoid being charged a third day.W: Thanks.

5． What does the conversation say about the car the woman rented? A．It is a red 2002 Toyota. B．It is a green 4-wheel-drive. C．It is a red 2003 TM. D．It is Buick-branded.

正确答案：D

6． How much will the woman pay if she drives 1,000 miles in 2 days? A．140 dollars. B．90 dollars. C．180 dollars. D．225 dollars.

正确答案：C

7． How long will the woman rent the car? A．2 days. B．1 day. C．3 days. D．Not given.

正确答案：A

听力原文：M: Why is it that some children perform much better than others at school? F: Obviously, certain children are brighter than others, but it’s not as simple as that. A lot of emphasis is placed on intelligence measured by tests. M: The so-called IQ tests? F: Yes. Basically they are intended to test linguistic and numerical skills, so some children are bound to suffer. This is very unfortunate. A child with an average IQ may turn out to be successful when he grows up. . M: What you’re saying is that some children have abilities that are not easy to measure, that aren’t appreciated. F: Precisely. And if these skills are not spotted sufficiently early, they cannot be developed. That’s why, in my view, there are so many unhappy adults in this world. They are not doing the things they are best at. M: I see. F: But at school, only those children who are good with words and numbers, they probably do well in school examinations. M: Right. Is there anything a parent can do to help in this case? F: Yes. In my opinion, a child should be judged on his individual talents. After all, being happy in life is putting your skills to good use, no matter what they are.

8． The basic purpose of IQ tests is to______. A．measure children’s intelligence B．test linguistic and numerical skills

C．test why some children perform better at school D．find out why some children are not appreciated

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。IQ测试的基本目的是什么?注意在对话中出现IQ-tests的字眼后，随即解释了这个测试“Basically they are intended to test linguistic and numerical skills”，B项所说内容与原文相同，所以选B。

9． According to Kellerman, the unhappy adults in the world_____. A．are not brighter than others B．don’t have good education

C．are not doing the things they are best at D．are not duly encouraged in life

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。本题考查关于不幸福的成年人的细节信息，原文说到“And if these skills are not spottedsufficiently early,they cannot be developed”，这是总结有一部分成年人感到不幸福的原因，C是干扰项，可能会导致误选，但这句话是对这部分人现状的描述，究其原因，是才华没有被发觉，D项表述更加符合原意。

10． According to Brigid, some children can’t do well in school examinations because_____.

A．they don’t have proper education

B．they don’t have enough encouragement C．their parents are not responsible

D．they are not good with words and numbers

正确答案：D

解析：根据对话，有的小孩在学校的考试中表现出色是因为什么?留意原文这句话“at school，only thosechildren who ale good with words and numbers，they probably do well in school examinations”，再对比可知D正确。

11． Which of the following statements is TURE according to the interview? A．A child with an average IQ may not be successful when he grows up. B．Some children’s abilities can not be easily measured. C．A child should be judged on his IQ level.

D．Being happy in life is being good at everything.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。听音前应快速浏览并了解4个选项的大意，A项“IQ水平中等的小孩长大后不一定成功”的说法不符合客观事实，可首先排除。C项“凭IQ水平断定小孩”说法过于绝对，也不符合常理。对话提到“you’re saying is that some children have abilities that are not easy to measure”，因此B项符合原意。

SECTION B PASSAGESDirections: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： We have no idea about when men first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. For example, it has been recorded in many history books that people who lived over three thousand years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used to preserve the dead. In some periods of history, a person who stole salt was thought to have broken the law. Take the eighteenth century for example. If a person was caught stealing salt, he would be thrown into prison. History also records that only in England about ten thousand people were put into prison during that century for stealing salt! About four hundred and fifty years ago, in the year 1553, if a man took more than his share of salt, he would be thought to have broken the law and would be seriously punished, and his ear would be cut off. Salt was an important item on the dinner table of a king. It was always placed in front of the king when he sat down to eat. Important guests at the king’s table were seated near the salt. Less important guests were given seats farther away from it.

12． What was salt used to do in Egypt thousands of years ago? A．To punish people who had broken the law. B．To keep dead bodies from decay. C．To make chemicals. D．To make fish soup.

正确答案：B 解析：细节题。文中指出几千年前的埃及人用盐保存死尸，故B项正确。 知识模块：短文听力

13． How would a man be punished if he took more than his share of salt in the 16m century?

A．Lose all his salt.

B．Be thrown into prison. C．Lose an ear. D．Lose an eye.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。文章说到在1553年如果一个人拿了多于他应得的盐就会被认为违反了法律，他的耳朵会被割除。故C项正确。在听文章时应密切关注各个时间内发生的不同事件，此题的选项B具有很强的干扰性，但如果听到时间标志就会发现B项的内容是文章在讲18世纪的时候提到的，故不对。 知识模块：短文听力

14． What is the passage’s main idea?

A．Thousands of people were punished because of salt B．The uses and importance of salt in history.

C．Salt was important in history.

D．Nobody knows when salt began to be used.

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。全篇文章主要讲了两点：一是盐的不同用途(可以保存尸体等)；二是它在历史上非同寻常的重要性(偷盐会受到严厉惩罚等)。B项概括完整，为正确选项。 知识模块：短文听力

听力原文： Ladies and gentlemen, we’ve commenced our descent in the Sydney Airport and we’ll be parked outside the terminal building about 30 minutes from now. (18) For those of you visiting the city for the first time, I have some information for you. The distance from the airport to the center of Sydney is approximately 10 kin. (19) Taxis are available. You’ll find taxis right outside the terminal building. The cost of a taxi trip to the city is about 12 Australian dollars. (19) There is a coach service available and the cost of the journey to the city and major hotels is 6 dollars for adults and 2 dollars and 50 cents for children. (19) There is also the Urban Yellow bus No. 300 to the city at a cost of 3 dollars for adults or 1 dollar and 50 cents for children. Banking facilities are available outside the Customs Hall. Hotel booking facilities can be found at the Travelers Information Service. (20) I’d like to remind you when you leave Sydney Airport on the next international flight, you’ll be required to pay a Departure Tax of 10 dollars. Thank you.

15． The travel information is intended for A．all passengers on board the plane.

B．passengers who want to visit the center of Sydney. C．passengers who visit Sydney for the first time. D．all crew on board the plane.

正确答案：C

16． The following transportations are available from the airport to the city EXCEPT

A．taxis. B．subways. C．buses.

D．coach services.

正确答案：B

17． The announcer finally reminded the passengers of A．the prices the major hotels charge.

B．the places where passengers can hail a taxi. C．the Departure Tax passengers have to pay. D．the price of the next flight leaving Sydney.

正确答案：C

听力原文： The first thing people see, in the morning, when they walk outside is the sky or the colored sun. Is this world giving us the privilege of seeing the natural colors of the sun through all the layers of pollution within the air? Not only are beautiful sights such as this hidden behind the pollution this world causes everyday, but an increase in diseases, infections and death occurs. What causes pollution? What can we do to prevent it, and get rid of it? Is it fair to the children of the future to have to suffer the consequences that pollution causes? Why not take care of the problem now? Factory and business owners have the ability to prevent air pollution. Air pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of harmful gases, liquids, or solids. Air pollution, known as smoke pollution for many years, resulted from coal combustion. smog has been a problem in coal-burning areas for several centuries. smog finally decreased when coal combustion was replaced by oil and gas combustion. Air pollution is caused by a number of different types of pollutants. The first type, particulate matter, consists of solid and liquid aerosols suspended in the atmosphere. These arise from the burning of coal and from industrial processes. Atmospheric particles can scatter and absorb stmlight which reduces visibility. Particles also reduce visibility by attenuating the light from objects and illuminating the air causing the contrast between the objects and their backgrounds to reduce. Not only does it effect visibility, but it hastens the erosion of building materials and the corrosion of metals, interferes with the human respiratory system, and brings toxic materials into the body. The small particles cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema and lung cancer. The second type is sulfur oxides which come from the burning of coal and industrial processes. Damage to materials, to vegetation, and to the human respiratory system are caused by the acid nature of oxides. small quantities of sulfur oxides can increase illness and mortality. The third type of pollutant is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas against which humans have no protection. Carbon monoxide comes from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles and secondarily from industrial processes.

18． What is the first thing that people ought to do in face of pollution, according to the author?

A．To see the sky outside in the morning. B．To walk outside to see the colored sun.

C．To take care of, and prevent air pollution now. D．To analyse the different layers of air pollution.

正确答案：C 解析：这个答案可以根据短文作者提出的一系列问题里找到，那就是人们首先应该解决空气污染问题。

19． Which of the following is NOT among the types of the pollutants the author mentions in the passage?

A．Sulfur oxides. B．Toxic materials. C．Particulate matter. D．Carbon monoxide.

正确答案：B

解析：如果仔细听短文中的陈述，第一类、第二类和第三类污染物时，就会发现选项B不属于里面的任何一类，而是第一类污染物所带来的有害物质。

20． Air pollution refers to the presence of all the following EXCEPT______. A．harmful solids B．harmful gases C．harmful liquids D．harmful chemicals

正确答案：D

解析：根据短文里的界定：空气污染就是：Air pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of harmful gases， liquids，or solids．

21． Which of the following can best served as the title of the passage? A．The Cause of Air Pollution. B．The Issue of Air Pollution. C．The Types of Air Pollution.

D．The Prevention of Air Pollution.

正确答案：B

解析：由于整篇短文都是讨论空气污染的问题，所以最恰当的答案是B。而其他几个选项都只是这个问题里的具体几个方面：如空气污染的原因、空气污染物的种类、防止空气污染等。

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： The Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics is participating in the National Campaign for Politics is and Civic Engagement, a new effort to encourage participation in politics by U.S. college students, Diana Carlin, dean of the graduate school and international programs, will make a presentation on Oct. 24, 2004 during an initial strategic planning meeting at the Harvard Institute of Politics in Boston. Carlin will attend along with representatives from 11 partner institutions. Other KU representatives for the new effort include Barbara Ballard, associate vice provost for student success; Student Body President Andy Knopp, Manhattan senior; and Jennifer Donnally, Lawrence junior.

22． What can be inferred from the news?

A．American college presidents often meet to talk about politics. B．American college students are not very interested in politics. C．American college students care much about politics.

D．American college teachers are not very interested in politics.

正确答案：B

解析：推理题。新闻中提到：国家政治与公民参与计划是鼓励U.S college students参与政治的一项新举措。这暗示说美国的大学生对参与政治不是特别感兴趣，因此学校和社会需要不断鼓励他们积极参与。

听力原文： Saudi Arabia is offering amnesty to al-Qaeda militants not directly involved in the recent killings and bombings there. Crown Prince Abdullah says those who surrender voluntarily within the next thirty days will benefit from sharia, Islamic law that allows leniency for those who turn themselves in. However, he says, last week’s killers of an American hostage can expect no mercy.

23． Who would be pardoned according to the news? A．Those having no connection with recent bombings. B．Those who give up their weapons voluntarily. C．Those who cooperate with the government. D．Those who killed the American hostage.

正确答案：A

听力原文：Former Deputy President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, is to be charged with corruption. Mr. Zuma was sacked by President Thabo Mbeki last week after being implicated in a fraud trial. Jacob Zuma, just days ago, was Deputy President of Africa’s most powerful nation. Now he’s out in the cold. First he was sacked, now he’s to face a trial that could end in the prison. His people, especially the Zulus, are behind him. They think it’s all a set-up to get rid of the man they wanted to be the next leader of South Africa. But a judge, two weeks ago, accused Zuma of probable corruption in a multi-billion-pound arms scandal.

24． Jacob Zuma is going to be charged for A．being sacked. B．corruption.

C．taking part in an illegal arm deal.

D．making a scandal against other candidates.

正确答案：B

解析：细节判断题。本题最恰当的答案应该是B项。因为在新闻的导语部分就交待了“南非前副总统雅各布·祖马面临腐败起诉……”。新闻在最后又涉及到了他被指控和一起军火交易丑闻有联系，但是并没有确定他参与了非法军火交易，所以不能选C项。 知识模块：新闻听力

25． What attitude do the Zulus hold towards Jacob Zuma? A．They decide to bring criminal charges against him. B．They support him and think he is innocent. C．They hope president to sack him.

D．They believe he is responsible for this arm scandal.

正确答案：B

解析：态度判断题。新闻中在表示祖鲁人对雅各布·祖马的态度时，使用了behind，意思是支持他。而且他们认为：“……这次事件在他们看来是事先设计好的……”换句话说，就是他们相信祖马是无辜的。选项中表达此义的是B项．它也就是答案了。 知识模块：新闻听力

听力原文： The new Egyptian Cabinet sworn in Thursday has been seen as a move to calm down critics who say the government has not been serious enough about the political and economic reforms demanded by protesters. But observers say they don’t believe the changes are significant. (21) At least one analyst said the new Cabinet makeup reflects a “more harmonious caretaker government” that Prime Minister Essam Sharaf can work with now until the planned parliamentary elections in November. Sharaf has been leading a caretaker government under the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces that took power in February when Hosni Mubarak resigned as president in the face of a popular revolt. Sharaf faced massive pressure from protesters occupying Cairo’s Tahrir Square who said the present Cabinet was too close to the old leadership guard. (22) Sharaf said this month that he would reorganize the Cabinet, with replacements announced for 14 of 27 posts.

26． Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A．The new Egyptian Cabinet will swear in. B．Protesters will be more serious about reforms. C．A caretaker government will be set up.

D．People planned to have parliamentary elections.

正确答案：D

27． How many posts were there in Egyptian Cabinet? A．14. B．27. C．41 D．13

正确答案：B

听力原文： Cell phones have become a central force in the daily 1ire of teens around the world. In addition to calling each other, and sending text messages. they use their cell phones to connect with web sites, play music and games, and take pictures. Now, a U.S. college is holding a competition, giving young people a chance

to get really creative with this tiny hand held device. [21]They’re being challenged to produce a cell phone film. “It needs to be edited. It needs to have some kind of audio. voice-over or music. and it needs to tell a story.” And said contest organizer Dianne Lynch. It must be shot entirely with cell phones. [22]She says that the best film will not be very different from an award-winning movie in any other format.

28． What is the subject of the competition? A．Writing a composition.

B．Producing a cell phone film. C．Sending text messages.

D．Telling a story by cell phone.

正确答案：B

解析：新闻提到，美国一所大学正在举行一场竞赛，竞赛内容是用手机拍摄电影。故答案为B。

29． Which of the following details is INCORRECT? A．The film must be shot entirely with cell phones.

B．The competition being open to young people is held by a U.S. college C．Young people use their cell phones to connect with web sites.

D．The best film will be very different from an award-winning movie.

正确答案：D

解析：新闻提到，竞赛组织者说：手机拍摄最好的电影将与其他形式获奖的电影区别不是很大。选项D与新闻不符，故为答案。

听力原文： Two British passport holders were detained by British troops in Afghanistan during an International Security Assistance Force operation, the Ministry of Defence said Thursday. The operation was “conducted jointly last week by UK forces with Afghans in support,” the ministry said in a prepared statement. “The individuals, a male and a female, are currently being held in a secure facility in Kandahar for questioning. “ (23)”Detention operations are a vital element of protecting UK, Afghan forces and Afghan civilians from those who are assessed to pose a threat regardless of their nationality,” the ministry statement said. The detentions are conducted “ in accordance with international law and strict policy frameworks. “ The ministry said no further information “will be released at this stage. “ (24)Britain has about 9,500 troops in Afghanistan, the second-largest international force currently deployed in the region after the United States. British Prime Minister has said that number will decrease to 500 troops by the end of 2012.

30． Which of the following was NOT mentioned to be protected by the detention operation?

A．UK soldiers. B．U. S. civilians. C．Afghan forces. D．Afghan civilians.

正确答案：B

31． How many troops will Britain have in Afghanistan by the end of 2012? A．9,500. B．9,000. C．5900 D．500

正确答案：D

PART III CLOZE (15 MIN)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.

People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are 【C1】______ likely .to fall chronically iii when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist. Using 【C2】______ data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute 【C3】______ Demographic Research in the northern German town of Restock found the month of birth was 【C4】______ life expectancy over the age of 50. 【C5】______ differences differences in what mothers ate during 【C6】______ ,and infections 【C7】______ at different times of the year could both have an impact on the 【C8】______ of a newborn baby and could 【C9】______ its life expectancy in older age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last 【C10】______ of her pregnancy in 【C11】______ , 【C12】______ she will eat less vitamins than in summer,” said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who 【C13】______ the research. “When she stops 【C14】______ and starts giving her baby normal food, it’s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are 【C15】______ to infections of the digestive 【C16】______ .” In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April-June), and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn 【C17】______ those born in spring about four months. In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn—the European spring-lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. The study focused on people born at the be- ginning of the 20th century, using 【C18】______ certificates and census data. Although 【C19】______ at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern 【C20】______ , Dobl-hammer said.

32． 【C1】 A．less B．very C．seldom

D．otherwise

正确答案：A 解析：该题考查的是对文章的理解，文中指出出生在秋天的人比出生在冬天的人更不容易患慢性疾病，所以答案为A。

33． 【C2】 A．scientific B．census C．research D．concise

正确答案：B

解析：census人口普查。在文章最后也提到了。

34． 【C3】 A．es B．with C．for D．about

正确答案：C

解析：虽然Do bout也表示关于，但在此处作为一个机构正式的大写名称不够正式，所以C为最佳答案。

35． 【C4】 A．related to

B．concerned with C．charged with D．vulnerable to

正确答案：A

解析：be related to与……相关，由上下文文意可知考查的是出生月份和50岁以上人寿命的关联性。Be concerned with关注，关心；be charged with被指控；be vulnerable to容易受伤的，容易受到……袭击的

36． 【C5】 A．Genetic B．Seasonal C．Innate D．Quarterly

正确答案：B 解析：该题考查对文章的理解，是季节性对寿命的影响，文章最后也有提到。

37． 【C6】 A．day B．night

C．pregnancy D．winter

正确答案：C 解析：“在怀孕期间”是最全面的表述方法。

38． 【C7】

A．having occurred B．occurred C．occurring D．to be occurred

正确答案：C 解析：该题是语法题，occurring动名词做定语，此处没有必要使用完成时态，表示的是正常情况下的观点。

39． 【C8】 A．color

B．complexion C．weight D．health

正确答案：D 解析：“对健康的影响”是根据上下文全面的表达；complexion肤色

40． 【C9】 A．influence B．effect C．prolong D．exert

正确答案：A

解析：上半句提到have an impact on，此处用influence同样的意思正好前后呼应。

41． 【C10】 A．week B．time C．phase D．month

正确答案：C

解析：phase阶段。A、D选项虽然语法意思上均可以，但是太过狭隘，C为最佳答案。

42． 【C11】 A．winter B．summer C．spring D．autumn

正确答案：A

解析：该题是一个逻辑题，上文提到孩子出生在春天，所以怀孕的最后一阶段显然是在冬天。

43． 【C12】 A．as B．where C．when D．because

正确答案：C

解析：此处的when表示的意思是“在那个时候”，相当于一个时间副词。

44． 【C13】 A．carried out B．made out C．carried about D．talked about

正确答案：A 解析：carry out实施；make out理解，辨别出；carry about携带，Almost every traveler carried about a camera，几乎每个旅行者都带着相机。

45． 【C14】 A．smoking B．milking C．eating

D．breast-feeding

正确答案：D

解析：根据上下文意思，当婴孩停止哺乳时就会开始吃normal food寻常食物。D是最符合逻辑的选项。

46． 【C15】 A．prone B．likely C．accessible D．dedicated

正确答案：A 解析：be prone to有……倾向的，易于……的Mother is prone to headaches．我母亲经常头痛。he accessible to能够接近的，达到的；be dedicated to奉献给，贡献给

47． 【C16】 A．system B．diseases C．nerves D．cells

正确答案：A

解析：digestive system消化系统，是专业说法。B选项前后重复了。

48． 【C17】 A．beat B．outlived C．surviving D．winning

正确答案：B 解析：上下文一直提到的是生命长短的问题，outlive, survive均可以表示“活得比某人长”的意思，但是C选项动词形式使用错误。

49． 【C18】 A．driving B．death C．graduate D．birth

正确答案：B 解析：“死亡证明”，文章开头和结尾都提到人口普查，正好呼应。

50． 【C19】 A．nutrition B．life C．food D．housing

正确答案：A

解析：文章最后进，步对观点进行了阐释，指出“尽管营养在怀孕以后都得到改善，但是季节的影响仍然存在。”

51． 【C20】 A．insists B．persists C．resists D．consists

正确答案：B

解析：persist此处意思为“保留，持续”。The storm persisted for a week．暴风雨持续了一个星期。

PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

52． She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children ______it by mistake.

A．took

B．should take C．had taken D．would take

正确答案：B 解析：虚拟语气题。当lest引导状语从句时，谓语动词常用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”的形式。例如：Be careful lest you fall from that tree．你：要当心，以免从树上摔下来。 知识模块：语法

53． His______of the basic structures is good but his vocabulary is limited. A．hold B．grip C．grasp D．seizure

正确答案：C

解析：该题是词汇题，考查名词近义词辨析。四个选项中的词都有“抓住、抓紧”的意思，但它们的含义有细微差异。hold意思是“(用手)抓、控制”，后面介词用of，如：She tried to keep hold of the child’s hand as they walked along．他们走路的时候，她尽力拉住孩子的手不放。／He struggled to get a hold of his anger．他竭力压制住自己的怒火。grip与hold近似，表示“紧紧抓住、控制”，后面介词用on，如：Keep a tight grip on the rope．抓紧绳索。grasp意思是“抓

住、抓紧”，后面介词也用on，如：She felt a firm grasp on her arm．她感到手臂被人紧紧地抓住了。grasp还可以表示“理解力、领会”，后面介词用of，如：He has a good grasp of German grammar．他德语语法掌握得很好。seizure表示“没收、夺取”，如：The court ordered the seizure of his assets．法庭下令没收其财产。因此，根据题意，选项C为最佳答案。 知识模块：语法与词汇

54． Your ways to solve this problem, ______, seem pretty effective. A．similar to her B．like her C．like hers

D．similar to herself

正确答案：C

解析：比较结构中比较项的一致。句中与your ways相比较的比较项是her ways，而不是her，由于her ways可以由名词性物主代词hers代替，因此C为正确选项。选项A、B和D中的her和herself都无法代替her ways，因而不能选。 知识模块：语法与词汇

55． He pretended to understand the full ______ of his teacher’s remark. A．clues B．cues

C．implications D．indications

正确答案：C

解析：他假装理解了老师话里的全部含意。A．clues指“线索，提示”，指有助于发现真相的事，常与to连用。

B．cues指能给人以提示、标准或模仿的“暗示，指示”。 C．implications指“含意，暗示”，虽未明确表示但可意会。 D．indications“迹象，表示”。 知识模块：语法与词汇

56． Great as Newton was, many of his ideas______today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

A．are to challenge B．may be challenged C．have been challenged D．are challenging

正确答案：C

解析：时态。challenge意为“挑战，怀疑”，常用作及物动词。本句中牛顿的观点受到挑战为一个当前已经发生的事实，故采用现在完成时的被动语态。 知识模块：语法与词汇

57． The ______ lawyer made a great impression on the jury.

A．defending B．guarding C．shielding D．protecting

正确答案：A

解析：这位辩护律师给陪审团留下了深刻的印象。A．defending“防守的，辩护的”

B．guarding“保护的，监护的” C．shielding“保护的，隐蔽的” D．protecting“保护的，防护的”注：“辩护律师”的通常表述为defending lawyer。 知识模块：语法与词汇

58． The shopkeeper did not want to sell for______he thought was not enough. A．where B．how C．what D．which

正确答案：C

59． Without microscopes and other modern ______, attempts to teach science were futile.

A．utilities B．equipment C．costume D．products

正确答案：B

解析：名词词义辨析题。由并列连词and和other可知，选用的词应是与microscopes“显微镜”并列的设备，equipment表示“设备，装备，器材”，故B正确。utilities表示“公用事业，有用的东西”；costume表示“装束，服装”；products表示“产品，产物”，范围过宽。 知识模块：词汇

60． ______, he realized he made the right decision. A．Before long B．Long before C．After D．Before

正确答案：A

解析：此题考查固定搭配。before long是副词词组，意思是“不久以后”。long before是“很早以前”的意思，如：Long before he came to China，he had learned Chinese for three years．早在他来中国以前，他就学了3年的汉语。C和D选项

如果是介词，则缺少宾语；如果是连词，则缺少从句；如果是副词，则一般用于句尾。因此不用C和D选项。

61． Nancy was surprised that they have ______. They seemed to be a happy couple.

A．split up

B．broken down C．fallen through D．knocked out

正确答案：A

解析：A split up意为“分裂，离婚”，符合题意，故为答案。而其他选项不符合题意：B broken down意为“(机器等)坏了，(身体)垮了”；C fallen through意为“失败；成为泡影”；D knocked out意为“敲空，击倒，打昏”。

62． He appreciated ______ the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature.

A．having given

B．to have been given C．to have given D．having been given

正确答案：D

解析：本题考核非谓语动词做宾语及动词语态的用法。appreciate后面必须接名词或动名词，本句题意要求使用被动语态，故选D。

63． John Smith Community College is an open-door educational institution_____to providing higher education to all who can benefit.

A．contributed B．committed C．subjected D．assigned

正确答案：B

解析：动词辨析。commit oneself to“使致力于……”；be committed to sth．(doing sth．)“致力于做某事”；contribute(to)，“贡献、有助于”，一般不用被动语态，如：to contribute food and clothing for the relief of the poor．捐助食品和衣物救济贫民。be subject to“遭受”，如：They were subject to great suffering．他们遭受了巨大痛苦。assign sb．to sth．“分配某人做某事”，不是“分配学校提供高等教育”，所以此句中不能用assigned。

64． But for the accident, we ______ the task much earlier. A．should finish

B．should have finished

C．would finish

D．shall have finished

正确答案：B

解析：本句是虚拟语气。词组but for：without；if not for要不是，相当于if引导的非真实条件句。

65． Given more time and space, Margaret ______ more books, although she has written a dozen novels.

A．will write B．would write

C．would have written

D．would have been written

正确答案：C

解析：此题考查虚拟语气。given引导的从句带有虚拟语气，主句也要相应的改成虚拟语气。由于从句although she has written a dozen novels中用的是完成时，所以选C而不选D，表示对已经发生的事情进行虚拟，而不是对现在进行虚拟。

66． In many areas, rapid development is the result of ______ in the research laboratory.

A．work to do B．work done C．doing work D．work doing

正确答案：B

解析：这里是过去分词做名词work的后置定语。

67． National Park conservationists think_____concession stands spoil the natural beauty of the park.

A．of B．about C．that D．alot

正确答案：C

解析：语法类试题(宾语从句)。横线后面的部分是一个完整的句子，主语是concession stands，谓语是spoil。这一个从句是think的宾语。应该用that连接。

68． The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in ______ with a program agreed with by the Department of the Environment.

A．case

B．accordance C．place D．charge

正确答案：B

解析：in accordance with 固定搭配，与……一致

69． “What do you suggest I write about, then, to stand a chance next year?” “It isn’t so much ______ you write as the way ______ you write it.”

A．what... that B．what... which C．what... how D．which... that

正确答案：A 解析：句中的第一个空白处需要一个引导名词性从句的关系代词，在从句中做write的宾语；第二个空白处要填一个修饰way的定语从句的关系代词，因此只能选A。注意：先行词是way，引导定语从句的关系代词一定不能用how，可以用in which，可以用that，也可以省不用。

70． The suggestion that the mayor ______ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A．would present B．present C．presents

D．ought to present

正确答案：B

解析：表示“建议”时，与suggestion相关的名词性从句中要使用虚拟语气。例如：It is a palatable suggestion that we go for a walk under the stars．出去到夜空下散步，这个建议很诱人。Various suggestions had been brought forward to cope with the current shortage of funds as that everything be done through diligence

71． During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to ______ building materials to the upper floors.

A．toss B．tow C．hoist D．hurl

正确答案：C

解析：动词辨析。toss意为“投，掷”，tow意为“拖，拽，牵引”，hurl意为“用力投掷”，均不符合句意；hoist指“提起，抬起”，符合题意。

72． The dog’s ears ______ when it ran.

A．flopped B．flipped C．fluttered D．flapped

正确答案：A

解析：动词辨析题。flop意思是“扑拍，跳动”，暗指松散或无力地(上下)移动；flip用作及物动词时意思是“掷，轻击，(用鞭等)抽打”；用作不及物动词意思是“用指轻弹，翻动书页，蹦跳”。flutter意思是“鼓翼，飘动，悸动”，主要指不规则地波动或快速拍动；flap．意思是“拍打，鼓翼而飞，飘动”。

73． I’m ashamed ______ such a thing. A．that you would have done B．that you should have done C．of what you are doing D．to what you were doing

正确答案：B

解析：I’m ashamed(glad，sorry)等结构后的that从句中要用should+动词原形或should+have+过去分词，其中should一般不可省，意为“竟然，居然”，表示说话人的羞愧、高兴、抱歉等情感，故答案为B 。

74． It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many wonders in the past few years. A case ______ is the successful launching of space shuttle.

A．in point B．in question C．in a way D．in brief

正确答案：A

解析：考查词组辨析。in point“恰当的，切题的”，a case in point意为“恰当的例子”，故A为正确答案、in question意为“正被谈论的，被考虑的”；in a way意为“从某种意义上来说”；in brief意为“简而言之”。

75． The new manager had many difficulties to overcome but he took them all in his ______.

A．step B．position C．stride D．duty

正确答案：C

解析：take sth. in one’s stride为惯用法，意为“从容地对付某事，轻快地解

决某事”，故答案为C 。

76． In his plays Shakespeare______his characters live through their language. （2008年考试真题）

A．would make B．had made C．made D．makes

正确答案：D

解析：本题考点为一般现在时表示客观或真实的叙述。

77． Linda was______the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute. （2007年考试真题）

A．to start

B．to have started C．to be starting

D．to have been starting

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查was／were+to have done sth．结构，表示“过去想做而未做的事”。

78． Do help yourself to some fruit, ______you? A．can’t B．don’t C．wouldn’t D．won’t

正确答案：D

解析：附加疑问句题。在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中，附加部分一般用will you，won’t you，would you等，因此，[D]为正确答案。

79． The job of a student accommodation officer ______ a great many visits to landladies.

A．concerns B．offers C．asks D．involves

正确答案：D

解析：动词辨析题。involve表示“需要，使某物成为必要条件”，后接名词或动名词；concern表示“涉及，关系到”，但搭配是sth．concern sb．表示“某事关系到某人”；offer表示“提供，给予”。根据题意应选involves。

80． Whenever possible, Ian ______ how well he speaks Japanese. A．shows up B．shows around C．shows off D．shows out

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查短语辨析。show up表示“揭露”、“露面”、“出现”。show sb．around表示“带某人参观”。show off表示“炫耀”、“炫示”。show sb．out表示“带某人出去”。本题译文：只要可能，伊恩总会炫示自己的日语讲得好。

81． Taking photographs is strictly_______here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.

A．forbidden B．rejected C．excluded D．denied

正确答案：A

解析：本题译文：这里严禁拍照，因为那会破坏珍贵的壁画。本题考查动词的含义及用法。forbid 指“来自权威机构或人物的禁止命令，不准，不许”，例如：Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall．(演奏厅内不准吸烟。)适用于本题，是正确答案。reject指“以否定、敌对的态度当面拒绝”，例如：They rejected damaged goods．(他们拒收损坏的货物。)deny指“坚定地否认某事”，例如：He denied the charge．(他否认指控。)exclude“拒绝接纳或考虑，排除，排斥”，例如：They excluded people under 18 from joining the club．(他们拒绝接纳18岁以下的未成年人加入俱乐部。)

PART V READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

“Oh, I’m Just a Housewife” After watching my mother deal with our family of five, I can’t understand why her answer to the question, “What do you do?” is always,”Oh, I’m just a housewife.” JUST a housewife? Anyone who spends most of her time in meal preparation and cleanup, washing and drying clothes, keeping the house clean, leading a scout troop, playing taxi driver to us kids when it’s time for school, music lessons or the dentist, doing volunteer work for her favorite charity, and making sure that all our family needs are met is not JUST a housewife. She’s the real Wonder Woman. Why is it that so many mothers like mine think of themselves as second-class or some thing similar? Where has this notion come from? Have we

males made them feel this way? Has our society made “going to work” outside the home seem more important than what a housewife must face each day?I would be very curious to see what would happen if a housewife went on strike. Dishes would pile up. Food in the house would run out. No meals would appear on the table. There would be no clean clothes when needed. High boots would be required just to make it through the house scattered with garbage. Walking and bus riding would increase. Those scout troops would have to break up. Charities would suffer. I doubt if the man of the house would be able to take over. Oh, he might start out with the attitude that he can do just as good a job, but how long would that last? Not long, once he had to come home each night after work to more household duties. There would be no more coming home to a prepared meal; he’d have to fix it himself. The kids would all be screaming for something to eat, clean clothes and more bus fare money. Once he quieted the kids, he’d have to clean the house, go shopping, make sure that kids got a bath, and fix lunches for the next day. Once the kids were down for the night, he might be able to crawl into an unmade bed and try to read the morning newspaper. No, I don’t think many males are going to volunteer for the job. I know I don’t want it. So, thanks, mom! I’ll do what I can to create a national holiday for housewives. It could be appropriately called Wonder Woman Day.

82． The main idea of the passage is about_____________. A．housewives, the wonder women

B．what would happen if housewives went on strike C．the replacement of women by men as housewives D．the setting up of a national holiday for housewives

正确答案：A

83． The author’s attitude toward housewives’ work is___________. A．critical B．indifferent C．ironical D．appreciative

正确答案：D

84． If a housewife went on strike, which one of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Children would scream for something to eat. B．No meals would appear on the table.

C．The scout troops would have a wonderful time. D．The man of the house wouldn’t be able to take over.

正确答案：C

85． In the author’s opinion,________________.

A．many males are going to volunteer for housewives’ work

B．housewives deserve a national holiday named Wonder Woman Day C．the man of the house would be able to take over the housewives’ work D．housewives are second-class citizens or something similar

正确答案：B

For a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us--or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they’ve had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones—but only as far as they went. Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings. From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we’ll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. “Siblings,” says family sociologist Katherine Conger, “are with us for the whole journey.” Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order. Older sibs were said to be strivers; younger ones rebels; middle kids the lost souls. The stereotypes were broad, if not entirely untrue, and there the discussion mostly ended. But all that’s changing. At research centers in the U.S., Canada, Europe and elsewhere, investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic, looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another into—or away from—risky behavior, how they form a protective buffer (减震器) against family upheaval; how they educate one another about the opposite sex; how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to

terms—or blows—over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism. From that research, scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults. Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy’s girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter-gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is under investigation. “Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now,” says Conger. But today serious work is revealing exactly how

our brothers and sisters influence us.

86． The beginning of the passage indicates that A．researchers have found out what shapes us. B．our peer is the last factor influencing us.

C．what researchers found contributes in a limited way. D．what researchers found is good and trustworthy.

正确答案：C

解析：细节判断题。第1段指出了研究人员研究什么塑造我们，并取得了一些成果，最后一句“但这仅仅是就目前的研究而言”表明目前研究的局限性，C表达了这个含义。由第1段可知，研究者还在探索到底是什么塑造了我们，故A错误；该段倒数第2句提到虽然我们的同龄人出现得最晚，但是影响却最深刻，故B也错了；trustworthy在文中没有依据，故排除D。

87． In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblings A．offer us much useful information. B．have great influences on us.

C．are the ones who love us completely. D．accompany us throughout our life.

正确答案：B

解析：段落大意题。第3段讲到了兄弟姐妹在我们生活中扮演的各种角色，对我们生命的影响，故选B；A“提供给我们有用的信息”属段落细节，不是作者在第3段想要说明的问题；C“完完全全爱我们的人”过于绝对且在文中找不到对应信息点；D“伴随我们一生”只是影响我们的一个方面，故D也可排除。

88． In scientific community, previous research on siblings A．mostly focused on the sibling order. B．studied the characteristics of the kids. C．studied the matter in a broad sense.

D．wasn’t believable and the discussion ended.

正确答案：A

解析：细节判断题。根据scientific community定位到第4段首句。由该句but转折处可知答案应为A。第2句提到年长的、年小的、中间的孩子共有的定式，并没有对他们的个性特征进行研究，故B排除；最后一句说这种定式很普遍，但并不意味着从广义上来研究兄弟姐妹对我们的影响，故C排除；D在文中没有依据。

89． Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic? A．A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble. B．Sisters have quarrels with each other.

C．Siblings compete for parental favoritism. D．Older kids in a family try hard to achieve.

正确答案：D

解析：细节判断题。根据sibling dynamic定位到第5段。本题可用排除法。A、B对应steer away from risky behavior；C在该段提及，也属sibling dynamic。D在第4段有提到，但不属于sibling dynamic。

90． From the last paragraph, we can conclude that

A．managers learned management skills from the family playroom. B．spouses learned negotiation skills from their siblings. C．studies on siblings are under the way.

D．studies on siblings need thorough investigation.

正确答案：C

解析：细节推断题。末段倒数第3句提到All that is under investigation，C与此同义，为正确答案。A、B只是该段中的个别例证；最后一句提到要进一步研究兄弟姐妹是如何影响我们的，D项的表述与原文有出入。

1 I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren’t for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?2 Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous -- cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don’t even say hello to each other.3 Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There’s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is oftenoppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.4 What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things, and that life doesn’t come to an

end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed theirpreference for the “quiet life” by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind -- they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.5 What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by? I’m keen on the idea, but you see there’s my cat, Toby. I’m not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.

91． We get the impression from the first paragraph that the author______. A．used to live in the country. B．used to work in the city. C．works in the city. D．lives in the country.

正确答案：C

解析：此题为细节理解题。据第1段第1句，作者是城里人，若是可以选择的话，他也许会住到乡下。在第2句中，作者继续使用了虚拟语气句，而实际情况是他没有去乡下。故选 C。A、B、D均与原文不符。

92． In the author’s opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT______.

A．a strong sense of fear. B．lack of communication. C．housing conditions. D．a sense of isolation.

正确答案：A

解析：此题为细节归纳题。据第2段第2、3句可排除C。据第2段最后2句可排除B、D。

93． The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following things in the country EXCEPT______.

A．daily necessities. B．fresh fruits.

C．designer clothes. D．fresh vegetables.

正确答案：C

解析：此题为一般推理题。据第3段倒数第2句，结合常识可判断。

94． According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities and live in villages?

A．Original. B．Quiet. C．Arrogant. D．Insensitive.

正确答案：D 解析：此题为细节理解题。据第4段最后1句，我们知道，那些工作在城里、居住在乡下的人像无生命的塑料花一样不敏感。他们喜欢向村民讲城里发生的变化和进步，而我们都不知道，那些原先生活在村里的村民并不愿意听他们讲这些。作者讲这些，目的是说明城里人与乡下人难以沟通，而这也是作者在这一段试图阐发的要点。由于这一原因，作者不愿搬到乡下。只不过，作者是以他的猫不能与乡下那些猫打交道为由来说罢了。

95． Do you think the author will move to the country? A．Yes, he will do so. B．No, he will not do so. C．It is difficult to tell. D．He is in two minds.

正确答案：B

解析：此题为一般推理题。理由见上一条解释。

The History of the Atomic Bomb On August 2, 1939, just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote to then President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Einstein and several other scientists told Roosevelt of efforts in Nazi Germany to purify uranium-235, which could be used to build an atomic bomb. It was shortly thereafter that the United States Government began the serious undertaking known then only as “The Manhattan Project”. Simply put, the Manhattan Project was committed to expediting research that would produce a viable atomic bomb. The most complicated issue to be addressed in making of an atomic bomb was the production of ample amounts of “enriched” uranium to sustain a chain reaction. At the time, uranium-235 was very hard to extract. In fact, the ratio of conversion from uranium ore to uranium metal is 500:1. Compounding this, the one part of uranium that is finally refined from the ore is over 99% uranium-238, which is practically useless for an atomic bomb. To make the task even more difficult, the useful U-235 and nearly uselessU-238 are isotopes(同位素), nearly identical in their chemical makeup. No ordinary chemical extraction method could separate them; only mechanical methods could work. A massive enrichment laboratory/plant was constructed at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Harold C. Urey and his colleagues at Columbia University devised an extraction system that worked on the principle of gaseous

diffusion, and Ernest O. Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes. Next, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the lighter U-235 from the heavier, non-fissionable U-238. Once all of these procedures had been completed, all that needed to be done was to put to the test the entire concept behind atomic fission (“splitting the atom”, in layman’s terms). Over the course of six years, from 1939 to 1945, more than $2 billion was spent during the history of the Manhattan Project. The formulas for refining uranium and putting together a working atomic bomb were created and seen to their logical ends by some of the greatest minds of our time. Chief among the people who unleashed the power of the atom was J. Robert Oppenheimer, who oversaw the project from conception to completion. Finally, the day came when all at Los Alamos would find out if “The Gadget” (code-named as such during its development) was going to be the colossal dud of the century or perhaps an end to the war. It all came down to a fateful morning in midsummer, 1945.

96． Which of the following is the least possible reason for the launching of the Manhattan Project?

A．Franklin D. Roosevelt. B．Nazi Germany.

C．Albert Einstein and other scientists. D．The Second World War.

正确答案：A

解析：根据提问，罗斯福是决策者，其他几个选项或多或少足促成曼哈顿计划的原因。It was shortly thereafter that the United States Government began the serious undertaking。

97． Which of the following did NOT cause so much trouble for the making of an atomic bomb?

A．Extraction of uranium. B．Sustentation of a reaction.

C．Conversion from uranium ore to uranium metal. D．Separation of 1 U-235 and U-238.

正确答案：B

解析：根据提问，查看相关的段落，仔细辨别。选项B是分离铀的目的。而且应该是一系列的反应：to sustain a chain reaction。

98． Which of the following does NOT help to separate the useful U-235 and nearly useless U-238?

A．The principle of gaseous diffusion.

B．A process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes.

C．A process nearly identical in the chemical makeup. D．A gas centrifuge.

正确答案：C

解析：问题是哪项不利于分离制造原子弹的铀。而选项C指的是铀235与铀238的相同化学结构。正是这个相同的结构造成了制造原子弹困难重重。选项A、B、D正好是后面几段提到的针对它们的相同的化学结构而采取的不同解决方法。

99． Who has been working at the making of the atomic bomb from beginning to end’?

A．Albert Einstein. B．Harold C. Urey. C．Ernest O. Lawrence. D．J. Robert Oppenheimer.

正确答案：D 解析：根据提问，查看有关的段落，是J．Robert Oppenheimer who oversaw the project from conception to completion。

100． According to the passage, if there were 500 tons of uranium ore, how many tons of useful uranium-235 could be extracted?

A．1 kilogram. B．10 kilogram. C．50 kilogram. D．500 kilogram.

正确答案：B

解析：按照短文的介绍，从铀的矿石提炼铀的比例是500比1然后再从这500分之一中提炼出有用的 235铀，只能是百分之一。所以，从500吨到一吨，再是百分之一，那就是10公斤235铀。

101． What is implied in the final, conclusive sentence?

A．They succeeded in the project, although they were not sure about it.

B．They expected the project to be a great failure of the century, but it did not. C．They concealed the project for so long that they were uncertain about it. D．They thought the project too colossal not to be fateful as they had expected.

正确答案：A

解析：根据短文，虽然他们对试验没有十分的把握，但是他们最终成功了。当然，他们不会在试验的时候还在指望试验成了巨大的失败。也不会是因为隐藏试验计划的时间太长而对试验没有把握。

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)

SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN)

102． Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some of the methods used to do this may be dangerous to human health and may have negative effects on local communities. Present your argument to illustrate whether you agree or disagree. Write on

ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Dangers of New Farming Technology You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your idea is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea or describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

正确答案：Dangers of New Farming Technology Blessed by the rapid development of modem technology, people now would be able to enjoy a larger variety of cheap food. Unfortunately, the improved methods have brought great benefits as well as risks that may threaten human health and society. Firstly, the safety of fertilized crops, vegetables and fruits is highly doubted. Admittedly, the adoption of fertilizers dramatically increased productivity and to some extent resolve the problem of starvation. However, a recent study has found such diseases as cancer and mental disorder had much to do with fertilizers used in farming. Similarly, pesticides on vegetables or fruits can hardly be removed completely and the residues become toxic to human body. These advanced methods also produced adverse impact on our living environment. Consumption of fuels and emission of gases by the farming machines may pollute the once clean and fresh air of countryside. Fertilizers could probably penetrate into soil, destroy microbe, and even change texture of it, which is by no means beneficial to soil conservation or the sustaining of ecological system. Besides, with machinery releasing people from burden of traditional manual work .and labor, country residents swarm into city to pursue better career development, which makes the already tight employment situation even worse. Furthermore, the increasingly large population in the city could lead to other social problems such as housing, traffic, medical care, education, and etc. To conclude, despite the progressive aspect of improved fertilizer and better machinery, we must be fully aware of the potential dangers produced, and make effort to eliminate the side effects so that the technology could serve human better.

解析： 现代农业技术的发展可以使我们吃到更便宜的食物。但是，化肥、农药、机械等的使用也给人类健康和社会带来了诸多问题和危险。题目要求考生就“农业新技术的危险”给出自己的观点并进行论证，典型的观点论证型文章。 分析提纲，可知文章在结构上应该是：第一部分给出背景知识并提出自己对此问题的看法；第二部分从两个方面论证自己的观点；第三段进行总结，重申自己的观点。

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING (10 MIN)

103． Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You are late for an appointment with Professor Zhang. You also have books that are due back at the library in a few hours. Write a note to your roommate Mike/Jane asking if he/she could return the books for you. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

正确答案： May 10th Dear Jane, I wonder whether you could do me a favor. I’m late for my appointment with Professor Zhang, and need to go immediately. But I have two books that arc due today, and I will not be able to get to the library before it closes. Could you spare me some time to return the books? The books and the library card arc on my desk. Thank you in advance! Yu Chun