2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解
专题二 B、C字部
1. background
n. 背景
关联词组：education background教育背景；family background家庭背景；background music背景音乐 用法：既可以指图画、舞台等的实体背景，也可以表示某个人的出身背景、学历等。
（2019，江苏卷，短文填空）I had a t 48 education background. I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r 49 like every other student.. 2. basic
adj.基本的，基础的
关联词组：basic information基本信息
词性转换：basis n.基础；basically adv.基本上，主要地
（2019，北京卷，阅读D）
32. The word \"collapse\" in Paragraph 5 probably means “____________”. A a sudden failure B. the basic rule
C. a disappointing start D. the gradual development 3. beat
vt.敲打；打败；vi.跳动；n.节拍
词形变化：过去式beat；过去分词beaten
关联词组：beat the drum打鼓；be beaten by sb.被某人打了；输给了某人
（2019，湖南卷，语篇翻译）Do you enjoy hitting the books? It doesn’t mean you enjoy beating your books with your hand. 4. begin
v. 开始，着手
词形变化：过去式began；过去分词begun；现在分词beginning 关联词组：begin with以……开始，开始于……
用法：begin doing sth.和begin to do sth.都表示“开始做某事“，它们的区别：
1begin doing强调事情的持续性。例如：He began smoking three years ago.他三年前开始抽烟（强调○
一种持续的习惯）。
2begin ○to do表示一件事情的开端，持续与否不重要。例如：It’s beginning to rain, we’d better hurry
up.开始下雨了，我们最好快点。
同义词：start
词性转换：beginning n.起初，开始：in the beginning=at first起初，开始；at the beginning of…
在……的开头；from beginning to end从开始到结束
（2019，浙江卷，完形）
中考
I began making new friends. I developed my own ___23___ and never again followed the crowd. 23. A. skills B. habits C. projects D. opinions 5. behaviour
n. 行为，举止
美式拼写：behavior
关联词组：good/bad behaviour良好/恶劣行为 词性转换：behave v.表现，举止
（2019，湖南卷，阅读A）
49．According to Patrick, what is more important? A．Managing schools by uniforms. B．Improving students’ behaviors.
C．Helping students express themselves confidently. 6. believe
v. 相信，认为
关联词组：believe it or not信不信由你；it is (widely) believed that…人们（普遍）认为…… 用法：
1believe是状态动词，通常不用于进行时态。 ○
2believe sb.相信某人说的话；believe in sb.相信某人的人品；believe in sth.信仰……；believe还○
可以接that或者wh-从句。
3可以用I believe so或I believe not作为对问题的肯定或否定回答。 ○
（2019，山东卷，单项填空）
20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _________ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous. A. although B. because C. if 7. beside
prep. 在……旁边，靠近
近义词：near，next to
易混单词：besides prep.除……以外（还有）；adv.此外，而且
（2019，江苏卷，阅读表达） I go for long runs and bike rides beside the beach. An hour of exercise after a long day of writing gives me energy. （2019，浙江卷，完形）
Mrs. Chaplin managed to ___1___ her children, her own with the money she made as a singer. ___2___, their economic(经济的) situation changed when she became ill with laryngitis(喉炎) in 1894.
1. A. support B. leave C. ask D. face 2. A. Although B. So C. However D. Besides 8. beyond
prep. （表示位置）在……的那边
中考
关联词组：beyond reach够不着
用法：beyond通常用作介词用，表示位置，意思是“在……的那一边；在……之外；在更远处”。例如： What lies beyond the mountains?山的那一边有什么？ The sea is beyond that hill.大海在山的那边。
（2019，江苏卷，完形）
Why is Song He Lou so special ___14___ hundreds of restaurants? 14. A. between B. against C. among D. beyond 9. birth
n.出生，诞生
关联词组：give birth to生下……；date/year of birth出生日期/年份；place of birth出生地 关联词汇：birthday n.生日；born：be born in/on出生于某年/某天；be动词要求使用过去式形式。
（2019，江苏卷，阅读B）
24. According to Paragraph 1, cakes and ice-cream are mentioned to describe ____________. A. the birth of chickens B. the difference between them C. the use of eggs D. the way of keeping them 10. blind
adj. 瞎的，失明的；盲目的
关联词组：go/become blind眼瞎，失明；colour blind色盲；blind date相亲 词性转换：blindly adv. 盲目地；blindness n.失明，盲目
（2019，湖北卷，完形）
A blind man has no idea of day and night, can’t 44 the beauty of nature, or even doesn't know what the light is.
44. A. hear B. enjoy C. touch D. play 11. blow
v. 吹，吹气；刮风
词形变化：过去式blew，过去分词blown
关联词组：blow up爆炸；blow off吹落，吹掉；blow out吹灭，吹熄；blow down吹倒
（2019，山东卷，阅读C）Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time. 12. borrow
v. 借，（向别人）借用
关联词组：borrow sth from sb. 向某人借某物
反义词：lend v.借出，借给：lend sth. to sb=lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人
中考
（2019，山东卷，阅读表达）Could you help me pick out some new clothes? Would you mind if I borrowed your bike? Can you look after my apartment while I’m away? 13. break
v. 打破（断、碎）；损坏；违背
词形变化：过去式broke，过去分词broken
关联词组：break one’s arm/leg摔断胳膊/腿；break the law违法；break down分解，发生故障；break
up打碎，分手（with sb.）；break into破门而入；break off折断
熟词僻义：break n.间歇，休息；中断：take/have a break休息一下
（2019，山东卷，动词应用） The police said that both Liu and Ran had broken criminal law by seriously endangering (危及) public safety. 14. breath
n.呼吸，气息
关联词组：out of breath喘不上气；take a deep breath深呼吸；hold one’s breath屏住呼吸；take one’s breath away使人大吃一惊，令人叹绝
词性转换：breathe v.呼吸 breathless adj.上气不接下气的
（2019，浙江卷，语法填空） As he coughed and struggled to breathe, he jumped up and ____56____, screaming: “Ah! Ah! Ah!” 15. build
v.建筑，造
词形变化：过去式built，过去分词built 关联词组：build up增进，加强
名词：building n.建筑物，房屋，大楼
（2019，北京卷，完形）
And moments of failure like this build ___20___ —since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.
20. A. trust B. pride C. character D. support 16. burn
v.着火，燃烧；使晒黑
词形变化：过去式burned或burnt，过去分词burned或burnt 关联词组：burn out烧尽，燃尽
（2019，浙江卷，语法填空） However, as soon as he started eating, his mouth began ____54____ (burn), his eyes began to water, and his whole face became as red ____55____ the fruit. 17. business
n.生意；商业；业务
中考
关联词组：business card名片；do business做生意；none of one’s business不归某人管，与某人无关
关联单词：businessman/businesswoman n.做生意的人，商人
（2019，浙江卷，语法填空）
All of us have _____59_____ (spend) money and time on something一maybe a relationship, or a business, or a job一and sometimes, even if we know there's no hope that things will change, we still continue with it. 18. call
v.（给……）打电话；称呼；叫；n.电话；呼叫
关联词组：
1动词短语：call ○for要求，需要；提倡；call off=cancel取消；call back回电；叫回，收回；call up打电话；召集；征召（入伍）call on/upon呼吁，号召；拜访
2名词短语：make a (telephone) call打电话；give sb. a call给某人打电话 ○
（2019年，浙江卷，词汇运用）Lydia runs and picks up rubbish along the way. What she does is called \"plogging\19. cancel
v. 取消，撤销
关联词组：cancel button取消按钮
词形变化：过去式canceled或cancelled，过去分词canceled或cancelled，过去分词canceling或cancelling
近义词：call off
易混单词：cancer n.癌症
（2019年，江苏卷，词汇运用）
37. -The plan for summer study trip may be ______________ (cancel). - Really? I'm looking forward to it. 20. capital
n. 首都，省会；资本；大写字母；adj.首都的，省会的；资本的；大写的
关联词组：capital city省会城市；capital letter大写字母 易混单词：captain n.船长，队长；（海军）上校
（2019年，山东卷，单项填空）
16. Berlin is _________capital of Germany.
A./ B. a C. the 21.careful
adj.小心的，谨慎的；仔细的
1Be careful!用作祈使句，意思是“小心！”，表示提醒 ○
2be careful of (about)…表示“当心，留意” ○
中考
3be careful with表示做某事很小心或仔细 ○
词性转换：carefully adv.小心地，仔细地；carefulness n.小心，仔细；care v.在乎；关心 反义词：careless adj.粗心大意的；漫不经心的
（2019年，山东卷，动词应用）
The host usually makes full ____14____ by carefully tidying up the house and _____15_____ a lot of delicious dishes.
14 A. plans B. decisions C. preparations 15. A. enjoying B. cooking C. washing 22. catch
v.&n.赶上；抓住，捕捉
词形变化：过去式caught，过去分词caught
关联词组：catch up (with)赶上，追上；catch a cold感冒了；catch fire着火；catch one’s breath喘气
（2019年，江苏卷，单项填空）
6. “Put on your coat, you will catch a cold!” This is what my mum often says to me. A. and B. but C. or D. so 23. cause
v.引起，导致
关联词组：cause trouble惹麻烦
用法：cause sb./sth. to do sth.使得……做某事；常用语被动语态：sth. is caused by…某事是由……引起的
（2019年，江苏卷，动词应用）The accident 69 (cause) by a fight between the driver and a passenger, killing all 15 people on the bus. 24. celebrate
v.庆祝
关联词组：celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节 词性转换：celebration n.庆祝，庆典
（2019年，江苏卷，单项填空）
38. I plan to go abroad to celebrate my twentieth birthday in ___________ (八月) . 25. centre
n.中心，中央
美式拼写：center
关联词组：shopping centre购物中心；in the centre of…处于……的中心 词性转换：central adj.中心的，中枢的
（2019年，浙江卷，阅读B）
中考
30. How can we do trampolining safely?
A. Buy an expensive trampoline. B. Jump in the center of a trampoline.
C. Choose a trampoline without a net. D. Lose weight before starting trampolining. 26. century
n.世纪，百年
st
用法：一般放在序数词的后面，表示第几个世纪，如二十一世纪：the 21 century
（2019年，浙江卷，阅读C）The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century. 27. certain
adj. 确定的，无疑的，一定会
关联词组：to a certain degree/extent一定程度上；for certain肯定，确定，无疑 用法：be certain that确定，肯定；be certain of/about sth.肯定（确信）某事；be certain to do sth.一定/确定做某事；be certain of doing sth.有把握做某事
词性转换：certainly adv.当然 certainty n.确定性；确实的事 同义词：sure adj.一定的，确信的
（2019年，北京卷，阅读C）To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. 28. chance
n. 机会；可能性
关联词组：by chance=by accident偶然；by any chance万一；take one’s chance碰运气；give sb. a chance给某人一次机会；the chances are that…可能……
（2019年，北京卷，完形）
Since I was ___15___prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong. 15. A. fully B. quickly C. freshly D. physically
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