大学英语四级翻译练习 第一篇 农业
中国是一个农业大国，也是世界农业起源地之一。水稻rice和小麦wheat等农作物都原产自originate from/derive from中国。新中国成立后，政府十分重视农业生产，不断加大农业投入investment.input，加速了农业生产的现代化进程boost/strengthen/improve the process of agricultural modernization。因此，中国农业取得了辉煌的成就。中国各种农产品的产量增长很快，谷物、棉花cotton、花生(Peanut)的总产量均居世界首位rank the first in the world。依靠占世界不足10%的耕地 (cultivatable land)，中国养活了世界1/5以上的人口。
1.第2句为无被动标识词的被动句，翻译时要用被动语态，可译作Crops such as rice and wheat were first produced in China。
2.第3句中的动作“十分重视”、“不断加大”是“新中国成立后”持续发生的动作，故该句用现在完成进行时态。仔细分析发现，“十分重视……，不断加大……”为两个并列的动作作谓语，而“加速了……”则表结果，可处理为结果状语，故本句译为 the government has been paying close attention to... and increasing... to speed up…。 3.第4句中的“中国农业取得了辉煌的成就”可理解为“中国在农业方面取得了成就”，故可译为China has made great achievements 、progress in agriculture。该句也可用“辉煌的成就”作主语，用被动语态表达，译作great achievements have been made in China's agriculture。
4.翻译最后一句“依靠……，中国……”时，可将后半句处理成主句，前半句为状语，用介词短语With less than ten parent of the world's cultivatable land来表达，使句子主次分明、结构简洁紧凑。
参考答案：
China is a big agricultural country and also one of the world's agricultural origins. Crops such as rice and wheat were first produced in China. After the founding of New China, the government has been paying close attention to agriculture and increasing investment to speed up the modernization of agricultural production. Therefore, China has made great achievements in agriculture. The outputs of various agricultural products grow at a
fast rate and the total output of grains, cotton and peanuts tops /rank the first in the world. With less than ten percent of the world's cultivatable land, China manages to feed over one-fifth of the world's population.
第二篇 龙的形象
中国人一直以自己是龙的传人(descendent)为豪。这种情感在中国文化和社会的各个方面都有所体现。从远古时代起，龙就被看作是具有庇佑能力并能影响人们生活的动物。古代的皇帝被看作是“真龙天子”，象征着尊严和权力。在民间流传着许多关于龙的传说和故事。还有各种与龙相关的民俗活动，其中最受欢迎的就是赛龙舟(Dragon Boat Race)。
1.第3句中的定语“具有庇佑能力并能影响人们生活的”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语来表达；“具有......能力并能......”可合译成a power to...and...；“动物”译为creature(生物、创造物）比animal更确切，因为“龙”并不是真正存在。
2.第4句中“象征着尊严和权利”是对“真龙天子”的补充说明，可将其处理成同位语，译为a symbol of dignity and power。
3.倒数第2句为无主语句，省略了主语“人们”，该主语不需要被强调说明，故此句可译为被动句式，即Many legends and stories... are spread...。“关于龙的”可处理成后置定语，用介词短语about dragon表达。“在民间”为状语，可译作among the people，置于句末。
4.最后一句中的“其中”一词表示赛龙舟属于前面提到的folk activities，故“其中……赛龙舟”可处理成非限制性定语从句，用 among which 来引导，译
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为 among which the most welcomed one is...。
参考答案：
Chinese people have been proud of being the descendents of the dragon. This emotion is reflected in every aspect of Chinese culture and society. From primitive times, the dragon has been regarded as a creature with the power to protect and influence people's lives. The emperors in ancient times were regarded as the real dragon from the heaven, a symbol of dignity and power. Many legends and stories about dragon are spread among the people.
There are also various folk activities related to dragon, among which the most welcomed one is Dragon Boat Race.
第三篇 空气质量
7月底，中国环境保护部(China's Environment Protection Ministry)发布了今年上半年空气质量状况报告。报告称，除了拉萨(Lhasa)、海口、舟山和惠州四个城市，我国其他主要大城市的空气质量均未达标。造成这一结果的原因有很多，其中包括不断增长的机动车数量和工业品产量。空气污染状况的不断恶化严重威胁公众的健康。一位官员表示，一份旨在控制空气污染的方案将在年内公布。
1.第1句中的定语“今年上半年空气质量状况”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语on air quality in the first half of this year来表达，汉语中表示范畴的“状况”一词按英文表达习惯可以省译。
2.第2句中的“我国其他主要大城市的空气质量均未达标”如果逐字对译则语句生硬，表达效果平平。翻译时， 宜采用“否定前移”的方法，对主语“我国其他大城市”进行否定，谓语则变为肯定，译为no other major city...is up to...。
3.第3句“造成这一结果的原因有很多，其中包括……”可直译为many reasons lead to the consequence, including...，但为了突出原文中的两个原因，可将原因置于句首，译作growing motor vehicles...area among...factors contributing to the consequence。 4.最后—句中的定语“旨在控制空气污染的”表目的，故用不定式短语to contro1 air Pollution来表达。
参考答案：
At the end of July, China's Environment Protection Ministry released/posted/announced a report on air quality in the first half of this year. the latter/second half of the year According to the report, except four cities, namely Lhasa, Haikou,
Zhoushan and Huizhou, no other major city in the country is up to the standard of air quality. Growing motor vehicles and industrial output/products are among a variety of factors contributing to this consequence. Worsening air pollution composes a serious threat to the health of the public. An official said a scheme/plan to control air pollution would be published within the year.
由于中国北方重度雾霾(heavy smog)持续不散，公众越发关注空气污染问题。一些网民(netizen)甚至对污染的程度表达了愤怒情绪。治理空气污染迫在眉睫。中国多个城市实行汽车限购，希望此举一方面能缓解交通拥堵，一方面能控制空气污染。中国政府准备推出一个长期计划来控制导致严重污染的行业。政府也将额外支出60亿元人民币来改善北方地区的空气质量。
1.在第1句中，“公众”表达为the public，做主语时，谓语动词用单、复数都可以；作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数；强调每一个具体成员，谓讲动词用复数。“由于中国北方……”表原因，故处理成愿意状语从句，译作Since due to the lasting/lingering heavy smog stays continually in northern China, 地点状语“中国北方”置于句末。
2.第8句中的“……迫在眉睫”套用句it is extremely urgent to do...来表达。主语“治理空气污染”用不定式来表达目的，译作to control air pollution。
3.第4句中的“希望此举一方面能……，一方面能……”处理为主句“中国多个城市已经限制购车”(Many Chinese cities have imposed limits on car
purchases)的伴随动作，用现在分词短语 hoping to ease... and meanwhile control...来表达，使
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译文流畅、衔接紧密。
4.倒数第2句中的“来控制导致严重污染的行业”为目的状语，用动词不定式短语来表达to control industries...，其中定语“导致严重污染的”较长，故将其处理成定语从句，译作which cause heavy pollution，置于被修饰语industries之后。
Since heavy smog stays continually in northern China, the public is increasingly concerned about air pollution, Some netizens even express their anger over the pollution levels. It's extremely urgent to control air pollution. Many Chinese cities have imposed limits on car
purchases, hoping to ease/relieve the traffic jam, and meanwhile control air pollution. The Chinese government is launching a long-term plan to control industries which cause heavy pollution. It is also spending an additional six billion yuan on the improvement of air quality in the northern region.
第四篇 智能手机
智能手机日益渗入人们的生活。许多年轻人似乎一刻也离不开它。在大街上，经常可以看到一些年轻人不停地用智能手机拍照，添加一段说明，然后放到微博(microblog)或微信(WeChat)上。的确，智能手机为人们的沟通提供了前所未有的便利：它让人们能随时随地与朋友互动，分享新鲜事。但是，相关学者对此也表示了担忧。因为智能手机反而使身边的人疏远了。
1.笫1句中的“日益”用副词increasingly来表达，比短语more and more来得精彩。
2.第2句“许多年轻人似乎一刻也离不开它”套用句型比seems that…来表达，更符合英语表达习惯。
3.第3句中的“一些年轻人不停地用智能手机拍照”如果逐字对译为some young people can't stop using their smart phones to take
pictures,则稍显生涩。把“不停地”译成 be busy doing sth...“用智能手机”置 于句末作状语on their smart phones，符合英语表达习惯。“然后放到微博或微信上”中的“然后”表明先后顺序，可直译为and then，但英语中更常用before “在……之前”来表达动作的先后顺序，这种说法更地道。
4.第4句中的“提供了……便利：它让人们能随时随地与朋友互动，分享新鲜事”，此句冒号后的内容为“提供便利”的具体形式，故可用by引导的介词短语表达。“随时随地个是时间状语，另一个是地点状语。在英语表达习惯里，时间状语比地点状语更为远离中心语，因此译为anywhere anytime。
Smart phone increasingly penetrates into people's lives. It seems that many young people can't live a moment without it. In the streets, we can often see that young people are busy taking pictures and typing some information on their smart phones, before posting them on their microblogs or WeChat. Indeed, smart phones provide great convenience for people by letting them interact with friends anywhere anytime and share something new. However, some scholars concerned egress concern towards it Smart phones are driving their ixsere away from people around them.
alienated isolated
第五篇 十二生肖
为了让人们更好地记住年份，我们的祖先用12只动物来代表年份。即“十二生肖”(Chinese Zodiac)。每一年由一种动物代表，每隔12年进行一个循环，从鼠开始，以猪为结尾。每一种动物还有其独特的文化内涵 (cultural connotation}。例如，牛年出生的人据说“勤奋、冷静、可靠”，虎年出生的人则“强大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在亚洲的其他国家，如韩国和日本也很流行。
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1.第1句中的“为了让人们更好地记住年份”，如果直译成
in order to make people remember the years more easily。表达不够地道，有中国式英语的感觉。“让人们”是汉语中约定俗成的表达，翻译时可“省译”，此处表达为to order to remember即可。“即‘十二生肖’”可紧跟上文，用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。
2.第2句中的“每隔12年进行一个循环”可以用every 12 years comes in a circle表达，主语every 12 years为整体念的单数名词。“从鼠开始，以猪为结尾”用现在分词短语beginning with Rat and ending with Pig来表达，作“循环”的后置定语。 3.第4句中的“牛年出生的”宜处理成后置定语，用分词短语born in the Year of Ox来表达。“据说……”译为 is said to...。
4.翻译最后一句时，先译出主干(The Chinese Zodiac remains popular)。地点状语“在亚洲的其他国家”用介词短语 in other Asian countries 来表达。
In order to remember the years more easily, our ancestors used twelve animals to represent the years, which is called the \"Chinese Zodiac\". Every year is represented by an animal and every 12 years comes in a circle beginning with Rat and ending with Pig. Each animal has its unique cultural connotations. For example, a person born in the Year of Ox is said to be hardworking, calm, and reliable, while the person born in the Year of Tiger is powerful, brave, and
impatient. The Chinese Zodiac remains popular as well in other Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan.
第六篇 农民工
中国的农民工(migrant worker)是从农村到城市来寻找工作的农民。他们在建筑工地、工厂、饭店以及家政服务业寻求工作。这些农民工推动着中国经济的快速增长。据报道，去年中国有1.67亿农民工。这个庞大的群体时常面临着被拖欠工资(pay arrears)、缺乏工伤赔偿(workplace workplace injury compensation)和医疗保障，以及子女上学难等诸多问题。近几年，中国政府日益改善农民工的权益。
1.第1句中的定语“从农村到城市来寻找工作的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，译作from countryside looking for jobs in the cities。
2.仔细分析后发现，第2句和第3句之间的关联性较强，宜将第3句处理成主干（they power the country's fast-growing economy)，第2句处理为方式状语，用介词短语by working in…来表达，结构清晰、逻辑性强。 3.第4句“据报道，去年中国有1.67亿农民工”可译为 It is reported that there were 167 million migrant
workers in China last year，但这样还不如将“据报道”处理为副词来得简洁，表达为There were reportedly 167 million migrant workers in China last year。 4.第5句“这个庞大的群体......诸多问题”较长，翻译时，先翻出主干
（the huge group faces various problems)，同位语“被拖欠工资、缺乏工伤赔偿和医疗保障，以及子女上学难等”用such as引出。“子女上学难” 实则为“缺少教育资源”，
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为使结构平行和表达简洁，可译作a lack of workplace injury
compensation, health care and schooling for their children.
China's migrant workers are farmers from the countryside looking for jobs in the cities. They power the country’s fast growing economy by working in construction sites, factories,
restaurants and home services industry. There were reportedly 167 million migrant workers in China last year. The huge group often faces various problems such as pay arrears and a lack of workplace injury compensation, health care and schooling for their children. In recent years, the Chinese government has been Improving migrant workers' rights.
第七篇 铁路发展
中国的铁路建设始于清朝(the Qing Dynasty)末年。自新中国成立后，中国的铁路得到了飞速发展。目前中国拥有仅次于美国和俄罗斯的全球第三大铁路网。在中国，铁路是国家重要的基翅设施(infrastructure)、大众化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、节假日，总会出现“一票难求”的现象。据报道，中国将优先发展西部地区，特别是贫困地区的铁路，引导当地人民走向致富之路。
第2句“中国的铁路得到了飞速发展”如果直译为 Chinese railway has developed rapidly则显平淡，此处可用see表示“（时代等）以…为特点，历经……”的意义，将其译为Chinese railway seen rapiddevelopment，这样译文更生动地道。
2.第3句中的定语“仅次于美国和俄罗斯的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，表达为only second to the UnitedStates and Russia.
3.第5句“总会出现‘一票难求’的现象”是汉语中的无主语句，其常见的处理方式有：增添主语；译为被动语态；译成there be结抅；使用形式主语it。结合该句，可使用形式主语it，译成it is difficult to get a trainticket；或并充出主语译为Chinese travelers find it difficult to...,“一票难求”可用 find it difficult to dosth.句型来表达。 4.最后一句中的“优先发展……”和“引导当地人民走向致富之路”在原文中是并列结构，但实际上后者表目的，故将其译作目的状语to lead to wealth for local people,“引导走向致富之路”用短语lead to wealth 比直译为lead people to the path of wealth 更简洁地道。
Railway construction in China began in the late Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has seen rapid development since the founding of New China. Currently, China has the world's third largest railway network only second to the United State and Russia. Railway is an important infrastructure of the country and a popular traffic tool. During the summer and winter
vacations, and national holidays, Chinese travelers always find it difficult to get a train ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize /give priority to railway development in western regions, particular the poor areas, to lead to wealth for local people.
第八篇 中国式婚礼
中国传统婚礼反映着中国的哲学思想。婚礼上总是用红色的东西来表达祝福和尊重。这是因为中国人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征。婚姻不仅是一对新人的结合，也象征着两个家庭的结合。邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼体现着人与人之间的关系和礼节(formality)。婚礼上奏乐的声音通常很响，响到足以让自然“听到”，同时也证明婚姻的重要性。
1.翻译第2句“婚礼上总是用红色的东西......”时，为符合英语表达习惯，应“增译”出动作执行者，表达为people always fill... with red things。“来表达祝福和尊重”表目的，故将其译作目的状语to expressblessings and respects。
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2.仔细分析可发现,第3句“这是因为中国人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征”中的“这”指代前面—句的论述,故可以将此句和前一句合译，用表原因的连词for引出状语从句for they...。“红色”在翻译时要增译thecolor才符合英语“形合”的特点。定语“幸福、成功和好运的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用of引出，表达为of haziness, success, and good luck。
3.第5句中的主语“邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼”可用分词短语
Invitingrelatives and Mends to the wedding 来表达。主谓人称和数相一致的原则，此处主语是指一件事情，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。 4.最后一句“声音通常很响，响到足以......”，如果逐字对译为
the sound is always loud, and loud enoughto...译文显晦涩，按英语避免重复的表达习惯，“省译”一个loud。
Traditional Chinese weddings reflect Chinese philosophy. People always fill their weddings with
red things to express blessings and respects, for they regard the color red as the symbol of
happiness, success, and good luck A marriage is not only a combination of the couple but also
the symbol of the unity of two families. Inviting relatives and friends to the wedding symbolizes
the relationships and the formality between people. The sound of musical instruments in the
wedding usually loud enough to make nature know and to demonstrate the importance of the marriage.
第九篇 胡同
胡同(Hutong)是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。最早的胡同出现在元朝(the YuanDynasty)，如今大部分胡同是在明清时代(the Ming and Dynasties)形成的。据专家考证，“胡同”一词源 干蒙古语(Mongolian)的“井”。自古以来胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的场所，可以说是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。
1.第1句中的“有着与北京城一样久远的历史”用介词短语
witha history as long as that of Bering city 来表达，以插入语形式置于主语之后，这样整个句子的中心更突出。
2.第2句“最早的胡同出现在……”翻译时转换成“胡同最早出现
在……”(Hutong first appeared..)更符合英语的表达习惯。“胡同是在明、清时代形成的”虽然形式上是主动的，但意义上却表被动，故翻译时转换成被动讲态，译作 Hutongs were formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties。
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3.第4句“自古以来胡同都是......”用完成时态Hutong has always been...与since ancient times搭配，很好地表达了这种状态的延续性。
4.最后一句中的“取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦”如果逐字对译为and are replaced by themodern but not characterized high-rise buildings则显生硬，不如选用意为“给......让出地方”的短语tomake way for来作前一个分句的目的状语，这样译文更生动流畅。
Hutong, with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is a major feature of Beijing. Hutong first appeared during the Yuan Dynasty, and most of today's Hutongs were formed during the Mingand Qing Dynasties. According to experts, the word \"Hutong\" came from Mongolian language, meaning \"a well\". Hutong has always been the living place for ordinary residents since ancient times and it's said to be a representative of Beijing civilian culture. However, with the increase of the population, many old Hutongs have disappeared to make way for modem but not characterized high-rise buildings. 风水
风水(Fengshui)是一门使人与环境达到和谐的艺术，是中国哲学在环境上的反映。人们相信自然环境影响人的命运。他们期望通过调整建筑的设计与布局，达到人与环境和谐，并使人得益于环境。风水也有迷信（superstition）的一面。如今风水在中国城市的年轻人中已不太时兴，但在中国的农村、香港、台湾地区以及新加坡和马来西亚，风水仍然流行。
1.第1句含有两个分句，翻译时可把前一个分句“是……艺术”看作“风水”的同位语译出，后一个分句作为句子的主干。定语“一门使人与环境达到和谐的”和“中国哲学在环境上的”都较长，可采用“n + of +... ”的所有格形式，表所属。
2.第3句分句较多，信息较零散，但仔细分析可发现达到人与环境和谐，并使人得益于环境”是目的，而“通过调整建筑的设计与摆设”是方式，故翻译本句时宜改变句子的语序，把表示目的内容作为句子的主干,而“通过调整”则译成through引导的方式状语置后。 3.第4句“风水也有迷信的一面”，可译成“be of + n.”的结构，强调“具有......特性”。 4.在最后一句中，地点状语“在……马来西亚”很长，故翻译时将其置于句末，避免句子头重脚轻，也更符合英语的表达习惯。
Fengshui, an art of harmonizing people with their environment, is the reflection of Chinese philosophy in environment. People believe that the natural environment affects people's fortunes. They expect to achieve harmony with the environment, and benefit from it
through adjusting the design and layout of their houses. Fengshui is also of superstition on its side. Nowadays it is not much popular with young Chinese in the cities, but it is still welcomed in Chinese rural areas, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as countries like Singapore and Malaysia.
第十一篇 道教
道教(Taoism)是中国土生土长的宗教，已经影响了中国人两千多年。道教有三个起源，最古老的是“黄帝”（Yellow Emperor）传说。第二个来源是庄子的作品。但最著名的是老子的《道德经》。道家强调自由、自然、修身养性(self-cultivation)，甚至追求永生(immortality)。道教对中国文化的许多领域都产生了深刻而持久的影响，包括艺术、哲学、医学和美食，并在东亚地区广泛流传。
1.第1句有两个分句，其主语都是“道教”译时可选用其中一个分句作为句子的主句，另一分句处理成状语或定语从句。译文把后半句“已经影响......”处理成定语从句，修饰
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完美 WORD 格式
religion，使句子结构紧凑连贯，Taoism a...religion that has shaped...。“影响了中国人”译为 shape Chinese life 比直译为 affect Chinese 要准确贴切。
2.第2句的主干是“道教有三个起源”,后半句“最古老的是……”意思独立，可用介词with加独立主格结构表伴随状态，译作
with the oldest being the legend of “Yellow Emperor”，表达简洁流畅，符合英文的行文特点。
3.第3、4句均较短，且意思联系紧密，都是讲述道教的起源，故合译成一句，用表对比的while连接。
4.翻译中遇到的人名和作品的名称均可以用汉语拼音译出，如老子译成Laozi,《道徳经》译成Dao De Jing。
5.最后一句的主干为“道教……产生……影响，……并在……广泛流传”,可译成and连接的并列句。但因前半句较长而后半句较短，句子结构不平衡，宜将后半句拆译处理，另起一句，译作It has also spread widely...状语“对中国文化的许多领域”表达为
in many fields of Chinese culture；“包括艺术、哲学......”是对“许多领域”的补充说明，用分词短语including the arts, philosophy...来表达。
Taoism is a Chinese native religion that has shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years.
There are three sources of Taoism's origin, with the oldest being the legend of \"YellowEmperor\". The second source in Zhuangzi's works, while the most famous one is Laozi's DaoDe Jing. Taoism emphasizes freedom, nature, self-cultivation and even pursues immortality.
Taoism has had a deep and lasting influence in many fields of Chinese culture, including the
arts, philosophy, medicine, and cuisine. It has also spread widely throughout East Asia.
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