1. D) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while. 2. A) Give his contribution some time later. 3. C) Tell Tony’s mother that she eats no meat. 4. B) She was late for the appointment.
5. D) Just make use of whatever information is available. 6. A) He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather. 7.D) Replace the shirt with one of some other material. 8. C) Most readers do not share his viewpoints.
9. C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other. 10. A) Press the right-hand lever first.
11. D) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. 12. C) Like it or not, you have to use them 13. B) The monopoly of British Railways
14 A) Competition from other modes of transport 15. B) They lose a lot of money.
16. B) Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner. 17. C) Exercise at the gym.
18. D) Many cancer cases could be prevented. 19. C) It can help solve global food crises. 20. D) It is still far from being sufficient. 21 B) They are not as natural as we believed.
22. C) Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville. 23. A) It has fewer violent crimes than big cities. 24. B) There are a wide range of cases. 25. C) Write about something pleasant. 原文 1
W: Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for 4 weeks?
M: Yeah. She injured her spine in a fall and a doctor told her to lie flat on her back for a month so it can mend.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 2
W: We’re taking up a collection to buy a gift for Jemma. She’ll have been with the company 25 years next week.
M: Well, count me in. But I’m a bit short on cash now. When do you need it?
Q: What is the man going to do?
3.
W: Tony’s mother has invited me to dinner. Do you think I should tell her in advance that I’m a vegetarian?
M: Of course. I think she’d appreciate it. Imaging how you both feel if she fixed the turkey dinner or something.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? 4
W: I hope you are not to put out with me for the delay ,I had to stop by the Fred’s home to pick up a book on my way Here.
M : well , that’s not a big deal ,but you might at least phone if you know you are going to keep someone waiting.
Q : what do we learn about the women ? 5
W：I don’t think we have enough information for our presentation.
But we have to give it tomorrow. That doesn’t seem to be much we can do about it. M: Yeah, at this point, we’ll have to make do with what we’ve got. Q: what does the man suggest they do? 6
M: This truck looks like what I need but I’m worried about maintenance. For us, it will have to operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures。
W: We have several models that especially adapted for extreme conditions. Would you like to see them?
Q: What’s the man’s demand from the conversation? 7
W: I’d like to exchange the shirt. I’ve learned the person I bought it for is allergic to wool。 M: maybe we can find something in cotton or silk. Please come this way。 Q: What does the woman want to do？ 8
W: I think your article in the school newspaper is right on target, and your viewpoints have certainly convinced me.
M: Thanks, but in view of the general responses, you and I are definitely in the minority. Q: What does the man mean? Conversation 1
W: One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Bass and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier.
M: So how did he do it exactly?
W: Well, first of all, he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish.
M: Sounds terribly complicated.
W: Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn’t actually see each other. The levers and light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish, both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Bass whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light. M: So did it work?
W: Well, amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100 % success rate.
Questions 9-11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q9. What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian’s experiment?
Q10. What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw a steady light?
Q11. How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?
long conversation 2
W: there is an element there about the competitioner, isn’t there? Because British railways are a nationalized industry, there is only one railway system in the country. If you don’t like a particular kind of big beans, you can go on buying another; but if you don’t like the particular railway, you can’t go on using another.
M: some people who write to me say this. They say that if you didn't have a monopoly, you would not be able to do the things you do.
Well, I don’t think we do anything deliberately to upset our customers, we have particular problems. Since 1946, when the Transport Act came in, we were nationalized.
W: Do you think that is a good thing? Has it been a good thing for the railways, do you think, to be nationalized?
M: Oh, I think so, yes, because in general, mosts of the transports are all around. Let’s face the fact, the car arrived the car is here to stay. There is no question about that.
W: So what’s your saying then? Is it if the railways haven’t been nationalized, they would simply have disappeared?
M: Oh, I think they would have. They are disappearing fast in America. The French railways lose 1 billion pounds a year, the German railways, 2 billion pounds a year. But you see those governments are preparing to pour the money into the transport system to keep it going.
W: So, In a sense, you call between two extremes. On the one hand, they are trying not to lose too much money, and on the other hand, you’ve got to provide the best service。 M: Yes, you are right
12. What does the woman say about the British railways?
13. What do some people who write to the man complain about? 14. What does the man say threatens the existence of the railways? 15. What does the man say about the railways in other countries?
Passage1:
Enjoying an iced coffee? Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards, with a cancer charity warning that some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner.
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) conducted a survey of iced coffees sold by some popular chains in Britain including Starbucks, Caffe Nero and Costa Coffee to gauge the calories as studies increasingly link obesity with cancer.
The worst offender - a coffee from Starbucks-- had 561 calories. Other iced coffees contained more than 450 calories and the majority had an excess of 200.
Health experts advise that the average woman should consume about 2,000 calories a day and a man about 2,500 calories to maintain a healthy weight. Dieters aim for 1,000 to 1,500 calories a day.
\"The fact that there is an iced coffee on the market with over a quarter of a woman's daily calories allowance is alarming,\" Dr Rachel Thompson, science programme manager at London-based WCRF, said in a widely-reported statement。
\"This is the amount of calories you might expect to have in an evening meal, not in a drink.\" The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented if people lost their excess weight with growing evidence that excess body fat increases the risk of various cancers.
\"If you are having these types of coffee regularly then they will increase the chances of you becoming overweight, which in turn increases your risk of developing cancer, as well as other diseases such as heart disease.\" she added.
16. What warning did some health experts give?
17. What does the author suggest people do after they have an iced coffee?
18. What could British people expect if they maintain a normal body weight according to the WCRF? Passage Two
In a small liboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina, Dr. Vladimir Mironov has been working for a decade to grow meat. A developmental biologist and tissue engineer, Dr. Mironov, is one of only a few scientists worldwide involved in bioengineering 'cultured' meat.
It's a product he believes could help solve future global food crises resulting from shrinking
amounts of land available for growing meat the old-fashioned way.
“Growth of cultured meat is also under way in the Netherlands”, Mironov told Reuters in an interview, “but in the United States, it is science in search of funding and demand.”
The new National Institute of Food and Agriculture won't fund it, the National Institutes of Health won't fund it, and the NASA funded it only briefly, Mironov said.
\"It's classic disruptive technology,\" Mironov said. \"Bringing any new technology on the market, on average, costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 million.\"
Director of the Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Center in the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology at the medical university, Mironov now primarily conducts research on tissue engineering, or growing, of human organs.
\"There's an unpleasant factor when people find out meat is grown in a lab. They don't like to associate technology with food,\" said Nicholas Genovese, a visiting scholar in cancer cell biology.
\"But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner,\" Genovese said.
19. What does Dr. Mironov think of bioengineering cultured meat?
20. What does Dr. Mironov say about the funding for their research?
21. What does Nicholas Genovese say about a lot of products we eat today?
Passage Three
Florence Hayes is a journalist for the Green Ville Journal, the daily newspaper in town. Specifically she covers crime in the Green Ville area. This responsibility takes her to many different places every week——the police station, the court and the hospital. Most of the crimes that she writes about fall into two groups: violent crimes and crimes against property. There isn’t much violent crime in a small town like Green Ville,or at least not as much as in the large urban areas. But assaults often occur on Friday and Saturday nights, near the bars downtown. There’re also one or two rapes on campus every semester. Florence is very interested in this type of crime and tries to write a long article about each one. She expects that this will make women more careful when they walk around Green Ville alone at night
Fortunately, there were usually no murders in Green Ville.Crimes against property make up most of Miss Heyes’ reporting. They range from minor cases of deliberate damaging of things to much more serious offenses,such as car accidents involving drunk drivers or bank robberies but Florence has to report all of these violations from the thief who took typewriters from every unlock room in the dormitory to the thief who stole one million dollars worth of art work from the university museum. Miss Hayes enjoys working for a newspaper but she sometimes gets unhappy about all
the crime she has to report. She would prefer to start writing about something more interesting and less unpleasant such as local news or politics, maybe next year Florence Hayes Green Ville
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22 What is Florence Hayes’ main responsibility as a journalist? 23 What does the speaker say about security in Green Ville?
24 What do we learn about crimes against property in the Green Ville area? 25 What would Florence Hayes prefer to do?
George Herbert Mead said that humans are \"talked into\" humanity. He meant that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our lives, our parents tell us who we are:\"You're 26 intelligent.\" \"You're so strong.\"
We first see ourselves through the eyes of others. So their messages form important 27 foundations of our self-concepts. Later, we interact with teachers, friends, 28 romantic partners and coworkers who communicate their views of us. Thus, how we see ourselves reflects the views of us that others communicate.
The29 profound connection between identity and communication is dramatically evident in children who 30 are deprived of human contact. Case studies of children who are isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language.
Communications with others not only affects our sense of identity, but also directly influences our physical and emotional 31well-being. Consistently, research shows that communicating with others promotes health, whereas social isolation 32 is linked to stress, disease, and early death.
People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. A group of researchers reveal 33 scores of studies that trace the relationship between health and interaction with others.
The conclusion was that social isolation is 34 statistically as dangerous as high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Many doctors and researchers believe that loneliness harms the immune system, making us more 35 vulnerable to a range of miner and major illnesses.
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