那些和形容词同形的副词
作者：陈 靓
来源：《中学生百科·高中语数外》2008年第08期
有些副词有两种形式：一是与形容词同形；另外一种呢，还加了一个-ly尾巴。你知道它们的差别吗？它们或小或大，足以在考试中把你弄得晕头转向。
1. clean and cleanly
副词clean完全不是“干净的”的意思，而是“径直地，完全地”意思。 The bullet went clean through his arm. 子弹完全穿过了他的胳膊。
I clean forgot about it. 我完全把这个事情忘了。（这里也可以翻成“我把这个事情忘得干干净净了”。看来中文和英文还是有共通之处啊！） That knife doesn’t cut clean. 那把小刀切起来不利落。 而cleanly就是“清洁地”意思啦。
The desk was cleanly filed. 桌子被整理得干干净净。
2. clear and clearly
副词clear的意思和clean的意思一样，是“完全地，径直地”意思。 You see me clear. 你很透彻地看穿我。
He disappeared clear away after the crime. 他犯罪后消失得无影无踪。 clear还可以解释为“隔离，不接触”的意思。 Stand clear of the gate. 别靠近门。
You should keep clear of that stupid guy. 你应该离那个蠢家伙远一点。
当然啦，当要表达诸如“清楚地”“明显地”意思的时候，你就放心大胆地用clearly吧。
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Can you see it clearly? 你看得清楚吗？ He is clearly wrong. 他明显错了。
有两个句子你要牢牢记住，clear和clearly都可以： The moon shone clearly / clear. 月光明媚。
He spoke clearly / clear and loudly / loud. 他说话清晰明朗。
3. close and closely
都听过莫文蔚的Close To You这首歌吧？那为什么不是Closely To You？就让我来解释一下这两个词的区别吧！
副词close修饰具体的事物，表示“接近地”意思。 He lives close to the school. 他住得离学校很近。
当修饰抽象的事物，表示“接近地”、“严密地”、“仔细地”的时候，就放心大胆地用closely吧！
Watch what I do closely! 仔细看我怎么做的！
4. direct and directly
副词direct作“直线地，不绕圈子地”解。 The train goes there direct. 火车直接开到那儿。
The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome. 飞机不直达罗马。 He came direct to London. 他直接到了伦敦。 而directly作“直接地”的解。
Answer my question directly! 直接回答我的问题！
She told me very directly and openly. 她直截了当地告诉我了。
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directly还有“立即”和“马上”的意思。 I will be there directly. 我马上就到。
He should be here directly if you don’t mind waiting. 如果您不介意等等，他马上就到。
5. easy and easily
easy作副词的时候只出现在固定搭配中。 Take it easy. 别着急，慢慢来。 Go easy. 别着急。
Easy come, easy go. 好来好散。 Stand easy! 稍息！ 除此之外，都用easily。
I finished it easily. 我一下子就搞定了。 He is not easily satisfied. 他不容易满足。
6. firm and firmly
firm作副词用时，只出现在以下的固定搭配中： Stand firm. 站稳了啊。
Always hold firm to what you believe. 坚持你所信仰的东西。
7. high and highly
high用作副词用的时候也只出现在以下几种情况中，你牢牢记住就好！ aim high力争上游
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hold one’s head high骄傲 play high大赌注
search high and low到处寻找 run high激动 fly high有雄心
highly通常是抽象的“高”的意思。 He spoke highly of her. 他大大赞美她。
He paid highly for his stupid behaviors. 他为他做的蠢事付出了很高的代价。
8. right and rightly
这两个词语当表示“对”的意思的时候都可以修饰动词，但是rightly通常放在动词之前。你可以看看下面的句子。
He rightly guessed that you were not going there.
He guessed right that you were not going there. 他猜对了，你不会去。
If I remember right, you were my high school classmate. 如果我记得没错的话，你是我的高中同学。
If I’m rightly informed, I should be there right away. 如果消息没错的话，我得马上去。
9. sharp and sharply
这两个词都可当作“急剧地”意思解。
At the crossroads, we turned sharp to the left. 我们在十字路口突然来了个左转。 The road turns very sharply. 道路起伏不平。
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另sharp作副词时表达“准时”或“仓猝”的意思，多半修饰时间、方向和音符；sharply则是“刻薄”或“尖刻”的意思，多半修饰行动和说话。 The violins were playing sharp． 小提琴能演奏高音。
Don’t speak too sharply to them，please． 请不要对他们说话过于尖刻了。
10. slow and slowly
slow作副词用的时候仅仅能用于go slow这样的搭配。其他情况都用slowly。 The workers decided to go slow. 工人们决定怠工一会儿。 Speak slowly, please. 拜托您说慢点儿。
Drive slowly when you are crossing the road. 过那条马路的时候开慢点儿。 练习一下
下面有几道测试题，如果你还拿不到满分，那就再多看看这篇文章吧！
Sorry I didn’t turn up —I _____ forgot. (clean, cleanly) I’m afraid I’m _____ out of food. (clean, cleanly) This pen writes _____ . (clean, cleanly)
I can’t see _____ without my glasses. (clear, clearly) The prisoner got _____ away. (clear, clearly)
Come _____ ! I want to tell you some secrets. (close, closely) She’s _____ related to my family. (close, closely)
The plan goes _____ from London to Houston without stopping. (direct, directly) Let’s meet _____ after lunch; then I’ll take you _____ to your room. (direct, directly)
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This is a sentence _____ quoted from Latin. (direct, directly) I _____ recommend it. (high, highly) He can jump really _____. (high, highly)
He’s really ambitious; he aims _____. (high, highly) I _____ assumed that Henry wasn’t coming. (right, rightly) Always hold _____ to your beliefs. (firm, firmly) Fix the post _____ in the ground. (firm, firmly) Keys:
clean clean cleanly clearly clear close closely directly direct；directly directly highly high highly rightly firm firmly 编辑/希卡鲁
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